Builders in detergency

Zeolites have an enormous impact on our daily lives, both directly and indirectly. For example, upstream hydrocarbons such as aromatics and olefins are produced using zeolite catalysts. The aromatics or olefins are then separated from the reaction mixtures using zeolite adsorbents. The purified components produced by these zeolite-based methods are then used in downstream processes to produce products that we use daily, such as clothes, furniture, foods, construchon materials and materials to build roads, automobile parts, fuels, gasoline, etc. In addihon to the indirect impacts mentioned above, zeolites also have a direct impact on our daily lives. For example, zeolites are used as builders in detergent formulations. 

Nonionic surfactants, as mentioned previously, have been widely adopted due to their characteristics and properties and, in particular, because they do not require the presence of undesirable phosphate or caustic builders in detergent formulation. However, the relatively lesser degree of biodegradability is an important disadvantage of the nonionic surfactants compared to the ionic ones. Adsorption on activated carbon and various types of clay particles is, therefore, one of the processes that has been effective in removing heterodisperse nonionic... 

The IC analysis of polyphosphates and polycar-boxylates (builders in detergents) is complicated by strong affinities of these compounds toward ion exchangers [54]. CE can readily be used for this... 

Interest in detergent products derived from renewable resources and with better biodegradability has driven evaluation of oxidized sugars and starches as builders or co-builders in detergents.113 Builders and co-builders complex calcium and magnesium ions in hard water to prevent sealing or deposits due to precipitation of insoluble carbonate salts. In current powder detergents, the builders are usually zeolites used in combination with polycarboxylate polymers derived from synthetic acrylic-maleic acid copolymers.114... 

The most important use of sodium tripolyphosphate is as a builder in detergents. However, legislative restrictions on the use of phosphorus compounds in household detergents have... 

Neokunibond Optigel CL Osmos N. Major constituent of Bentonite and Fuller s earth. Used as a binder and plasticizer for ceramic formulations ion exchange builder in detergents thixotropic agent for liq. soaps flocculant for water treatment. Industrial chromatographic techniques White powder bulk d = 300-370 g/l. Kaopolite. 

As a builder in detergents, a substance that increases the detergent s cleaning efficiency, usually by maintaining... 

Electrochemical monocarboxyl ations (A) and dicarboxylations (B) have been performed in a number of cases with good yields, though monocarboxyl ations are in general less selective. Carboxylative dimerizations (C) and telomerizations (D) are restricted only to particular olefins. Some examples may illustrate the versatility, but also the difficulties of electrocarboxylations The electrochemical reaction of dialkyl maleates and fumarates with CO2 was studied mainly by industrial laboratories in view of the production of polydendate ligands which can be used as builders in detergents [30-32] (Equation 4). 

Various phosphates are produced from phosphoric acid which is made either by adding sulphuric acid to phosphate rock (wet process) or by burning phosphorus in air to give phosphorus pentoxide, which is then hydrated. Major uses of phosphoric acid are the production of phosphate and compound fertilizers, formation of sodium tripolyphosphate (which is used as a builder in detergents where it forms stable water-soluble complexes with calcium and magnesium ions) and the production of organic derivatives like triphenyl and tricresyl phosphate. These are used as plasticizers for synthetic polymers and plastics. 

In the production of sodium tripolyphosphate and other condensed phosphates for use as builders in detergents, the whiteness of the product and all metal ions (without sodium and potassium) are the principal con-... 

Polycarboxylates, also known as polyacrylates, are polymers having a carbon-carbon backbone with attached carboxyl groups. In household consumer products, the anionic polycarboxylates most commonly used are copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic anhydride, copolymers of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, or polymers of acrylic acid. Polycarboxylates find use as detergent builders and as partial replacements for polyphosphates. However, they are very expensive for use in high concentrations as builders in detergent formulations and also have poor biodegradability [16]. 

Hui, K.S., Chao, C.Y.H. Pure, single phase, high crystalhne, chamfered-edge zeolite 4A synthesized from coal fly ash for use as a builder in detergents. J. Hazard. Mater. B137, 401 09 (2006)... 

Uses Detergent, foam builder in detergents solubilizer for alkylaryl sulfonates emulsifier and stabilizer for synthetic latexes for control of dissolution rate of solid or block type cleaners such as block bowl cleaners in steam cleaners, dairy cleaners, acid pickling in cosmetic creams and stick preps. food-pkg. adhesives, cellophane, animal glue defoamer in food-contact coatings and paper/paperboard... 

Uses Dispersant detergent wetting agent for textiles coemulsifier for various oils emulsion stabilizer foam builder in detergent blends foam booster/sfabilizer in pharmaceuticals, shampoos Trade Names Teric CME3 PEG-6 cocamide MEA Ionic Nature Nonionic... 

Technical uses are metal cleansers, complexing of Fe-ions, as a scale remover, in electroplating, as textile auxiliary and as starting material for making ester plasticizers (- plastics additives) that are approved for food packaging. C. is also considered and used as builder in detergents. Many applications are known in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations e.g., triethyl citrate in deodorants (- skin preparations). 

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