Accumulation, biological

Any deposit can increase dealloying. Biological accumulations, such as slime layers, are no exception to this rule. In the age of increasing public concern regarding pollution, biological control via chemical treatment can be difficult. However, good biological control is always beneficial. 

The general purpose of ultimate disposal of hazardous wastes is to prevent the contamination of susceptible environments. Surface water runoff, ground water leaching, atmospheric volatilization, and biological accumulation are processes that should be avoided during the active life of the hazardous waste. As a rule, the more persistent a hazardous waste is (i.e., the greater its resistance to breakdown), the greater the need to isolate it from the environment. If the substance cannot be neutralized by chemical treatment or incineration and still maintains its hazardous qualities, the only alternative is usually to immobilize and bury it in a secure chemical burial site. 

Kawano, M., S. Matsushita, T. Inoue, H. Tanaka, and R. Tatsukawa. 1986. Biological accumulation of chlordane compounds in marine organisms from the northern North Pacific and Bering Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 17 512-516. 

Biologic Accumulation Coefficient (BAC) of heavy metals in rice is defined as ... 

Biologic Accumulation Coefficients (BAC) of rice are influenced by soil properties such as organic matter, pH, CEC, and granularity component. 

Table 5 also reveals that the mean concentration of Pb in brown rice and leaves of 19 vegetable species from acid rain affected areas and non-affected areas are almost the same. On the other hand, the ratio is close to 1. This result indicated that acid rain does not influence the biological accumulation of Pb in brown rice and leaves of vegetables species sampled in Taiwan. Some studies have indicated that concentration of Pb in the crops was only affected when the concentration of Pb in the soils is higher than 500 mg/kg (Kabata-Pendias and Pendias, 1992). Sloan et al. (1997) also indicated that the relative bioavailability of biosolids-applied heavy metals in agricultural soils was Cd Zn >Ni >Cu Cr >Pb, for the soils 15 years after biosolids application. It is quite consistent with the results achieved by research of Chen et al. (1998). Thus, the phyto-availability of heavy metals caused by acid deposition followed the trend Cd >Zn >Cu Pb. 

Chen, Z. S., Liu, J. C., Cheng, C. Y. (1998). Acid deposition effects on the dynamic of heavy metals in soils and their biological accumulation in the crops and vegetables in Taiwan. In Bashkin, V. N., Park, S-U. (Eds.). Acid Deposition and Ecosystem Sensitivity in East Asia, NovaScience Publishers, USA, pp. 189-228. 

Tomizawa L. 1980. Biological accumulation of pesticides in an ecosystem-evaluation of biodegradability and ecological magnification of rice pesticides by a model ecosystem. Japanese Agricultural Research Quarterly 14 143-149. 

Nitrogen enters the soil first of all by means of the biological accumulation of atmospheric nitrogen, since rocks contain essentially no nitrogen. From organic (proteins) forms, it may be converted by the mineralization to ammonia, nitrate and nitrite forms. The ammonium cation is sorbed more easily by the soil and thus, it is more firmly fixed than the nitrate anion. Nitrite anion is toxic in the soil it is rapidly converted to nitrate by the action of nitrifying bacteria. 

Keywords Antimony Mining waste Environmental pollution Soil-plant relationships Biological accumulation Translocation coefficient Achillea ageratum, Plantago lanceolata-, Silene vulgaris... 

Bio concentration factor (BCF) The biological accumulation factor associated with direct uptake of a substance from the water in the absence of at r possible intake through the food chaim... 

Biological accumulation factor The ratio of the concentration of a substance in one or more tissues of an aquatic oiganism to the concentration of the same substance in the water in which the organism has been living. 

Biologic accumulation of weakly basic compounds depends on a pH gradient between solution or cytoplasm and a membrane-bounded or enclosed compartment... 

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (1976) Manual of Methods in Aquatic Environment Research, Part 2 — Guidelines for the Use of Biological Accumulators in... 

Heavy metals. Metallic elements with high molecular weights, generally toxic in low concentration to plant and animal life. Such metals are often residual in the environment and exhibit biological accumulation. 

PCBs exhibit many of the same characteristics as DDT and may, therefore, be confused with that pesticide. PCBs are highly toxic to aquatic life they persist in the environment for long periods of time, and they are biologically accumulative. 

Novorossova, L. E., 1951. Biological accumulation of silica in soils under spruce forest. Pochvovedenie 2 115. 

Remezov, N. P., 1958. Relation between biological accumulation and eluvial process under forest cover. Soviet Soil Sci, 589. 

Tyurin, I. V., 1937. Biological accumulation of silicic acid in soils. Problems of Soviet Soil Sci. 4 3. 

Platinum metals are eventually coming into the focus with the continuing progress of their use in automobile catalysts with potential tendencies for environmental and biological accumulation. " " " This concerns predominantly Pt, Pd and Rh, whereas the remaining elements are used in much minor extent. Available... 

---