Bromine cyanide, reaction

A liquid-phase double-replacement reaction between bromine cyanide (A) and methyl-amine takes place in a PFR at 10°C and 101 kPa. The reaction is first-order with respect to each reactant, with kA = 2.22 L mol 1 s 1. If the residence or space time is 4 s, and the inlet concentration of each reactant is 0.10 mol L-1, determine the concentration of bromine cyanide at the outlet of the reactor. 

Several methods are available for the synthesis of CFsSBr. Either CF2BrSBr is fluorinated at 100°C with antimony trifluoride (186) or CFsSCl is reacted with bromine cyanide over activated carbon at 70°C (86). Apart from that it is obtained always contaminated with CFsSSCFj in the reaction between Hg(SCF8)2 and bromine (31) these compounds react at 0°C to give a mixture composed of 56% CFsSBr and 45% CFjSSCFs. 

Pentamethinestreptocymine Dyes are formed by reaction of bromine cyanide, chlorine cyanide, or 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene with pyridine and cleavage of the resultant compounds with primary or secondary amines. The tetraacetal of gluta-conaldehyde is also used to form the methine chain [2], The dyes can be used to dye paper. 

The ImtiEd volume of fluid in a vat is t be 5 dm with a bromine cyanide coBcen--tration of 0.05 mol/dm. The specific reaction rate constant is... 

What if ytm assumed that the reaction in Example 4-11 was first-order in methyl amine (B> and zero-order in bromine cyanide. Since it is in excess at the start of the reaction, show that the concentration of methyl amine at any time f is... 

The concentrations of bromine cyanide (A), and methyl atnme are shown as a ftmc-tioft of time in Figure E4-11.1, and the rate is shown in Figure B4-11,2. For first- and Zero-order reactions we can obtain analydcal solutions for semibatch reactom operated isodietmally. 

Solve for the concentrations of bromine cyanide and methyl bromide and the rate of reaction as a function of time. 

Bromine.— The dismutation reaction of [Brg]" in the presence of cationic micelles can occur by two diffusion processes, one a two-dimensional diffusion across the surface of the micelle and the other a normal three-dimensional process. The formation of bromine cyanide from bromine and hydrogen cyanide has a two-term rate law, equation (27). The term, which corresponds to nucleophilic attack by... 

Campaigne et al. have used 3-thenyl bromide obtained by benzoyl peroxide-catalyzed, side-chain bromination of 3-methylthiophene with A -bromosuccinimide, as a starting material for 3-substituted thiophenes. - 22 3-Methylthiophene is now prepared commercially from itaconic acid. The reactive halogen in 3-thenyl bromide could be directly reacted with a variety of nucleophiles, such as cyanide, or malonate, to give more complex 3-substituted compounds. 3-Thenyl bromide was converted by the Sommelet reaction to 3-thio-phenealdehyde which, with silver oxide, was oxidized to 3-thio-... 

The solid disulfide reacts explosively with chlorine or bromine. At low temperatures in certain non-aqueous solvents, e.g. chloroform, CISCSN3 and BrSCSN3 are probably formed, but the extreme instability of these compounds has precluded their exact analysis and description. However, the reaction between cyanogen bromide and the potassium salt of the thiol yields the well-defined cyanide NCSCSN3,... 

The bromo substituent in 10-bromodibenz[/>,/]oxepin can be replaced by nucleophiles. With copper(I) cyanide in the presence of pyridine, dibenz[fr,/]oxepin-10-carbonitrile (3) is obtained.161 The substitution of bromine by various TV-substituted piperazines to give dibenz[/>,/]oxepins 4 has been accomplished using potassium cm-butoxide.197 This latter reaction probably proceeds via an intermediate with a C-C triple bond.160... 

In its reactions SsO shows properties typical for both sulfur homocycles and sulfoxides. With elemental chlorine SOCI2 and S2CI2 are formed, with bromine SOBr2 and S2Br2 are obtained. Water decomposes SsO to H2S and SO2 besides elemental sulfur while cyanide ions expectedly produce thiocyanate. The reaction with iodide in the presence of formic acid is used for the iodometric determination of the oxygen content [70] ... 

Cyanide and thiocyanate anions in aqueous solution can be determined as cyanogen bromide after reaction with bromine [686]. The thiocyanate anion can be quantitatively determined in the presence of cyanide by adding an excess of formaldehyde solution to the sample, which converts the cyanide ion to the unreactive cyanohydrin. The detection limits for the cyanide and thiocyanate anions were less than 0.01 ppm with an electron-capture detector. Iodine in acid solution reacts with acetone to form monoiodoacetone, which can be detected at high sensitivity with an electron-capture detector [687]. The reaction is specific for iodine, iodide being determined after oxidation with iodate. The nitrate anion can be determined in aqueous solution after conversion to nitrobenzene by reaction with benzene in the presence of sulfuric acid [688,689]. The detection limit for the nitrate anion was less than 0.1 ppm. The nitrite anion can be determined after oxidation to nitrate with potassium permanganate. Nitrite can be determined directly by alkylation with an alkaline solution of pentafluorobenzyl bromide [690]. The yield of derivative was about 80t.with a detection limit of 0.46 ng in 0.1 ml of aqueous sample. Pentafluorobenzyl p-toluenesulfonate has been used to derivatize carboxylate and phenolate anions and to simultaneously derivatize bromide, iodide, cyanide, thiocyanate, nitrite, nitrate and sulfide in a two-phase system using tetrapentylammonium cWoride as a phase transfer catalyst [691]. Detection limits wer Hi the ppm range. 

Reaction of compound 37 with bromine in chloroform results in mono-bromination a to the sulfur. Treatment of this brominated derivative with NaBH3CN in AcOH gives a mixture of products resulting from reduction of the C=N double bond and of elimination of HBr. Reaction of 44 with sodium ethoxide results in the ethoxy-substituted derivative 45, whereas reaction with pyridine gives the dehydrobrominated derivative 46. Reaction of either 44 or 46 with sodium cyanide in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) gives the cyano-derivative 47 <1983HCA971> (Scheme 13). 

Cyanogen bromide is obtained by the reaction of bromine with potassium cyanide or sodium cyanide ... 

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