Breast Thyroid function

Zidan J, Rubenstein W (1999) Effect of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy on thyroid function in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Oncology 56 43-45... 

Thyroid function and thyroid antibodies were not modified in 20 breast cancer patients (451), and only one case of hypothyroidism with increased thyroid antibodies has been reported (SEDA-20, 337). G-CSF had no effect on thyroid function in 33 patients with cancer, even in patients with pre-existing antibodies (452). Subclinical and spontaneously reversible hyperthyroidism occurred in eight patients without thyroid antibodies and with normal thyroid function before treatment, but this was felt to be related to stressful procedures. 

PBDEs are estrogen disruptors and neurotoxins. They are believed to cause thyroid and neurodevelopmental effects. Short-term exposure to PBDEs interferes with thyroid function and disrupts hormonal balance. 18 Additive thyrotoxic effects were observed when PBDEs were administered to laboratory animals with PCBs or chlorinated hydrocarbons. 19 PBDE exposure has been linked to neurodevelopmental dysfunctions in children and young adults. 20 21 Administration of PBDE to 10-day-old laboratory animals resulted in impaired spontaneous motor behavior, affected learning and memory, and permanent behavioral effects. 21 ln vitro exposure of PBDE to human breast cancer cells demonstrated estrogenic potencies. 22 ... 

Momotani N, Yamashita R, Makino F, et al. Thyroid function in wholly breast-feeding infants whose mothers take high doses of propylthiouracil. CUn Endocrinol 2000 53 177-181. 

The initial visit of a perimenopausal or postmenopausal woman is the most appropriate time to obtain a complete medical history, perform a physical examination, and educate the patient. Medical history should include determination of a personal or family history of thrombotic problems. The physical examination should include a complete cardiovascular examination, clinical assessment of thyroid status, and breast and pelvic examinations. Papanicolaou cervical cytologic examination and screening mammography negative for malignancy are required before initiating hormone therapy. Thyroid function tests and lipoprotein lipid profile also should be performed at the discretion of the clinician. 

Growth of mammary breast cancer cells, which also express the same NIS as thyroid cells, is inhibited by iodine and also 6-iodolactone. Thus, a sufficient iodine supply has an important role, not only for thyroid function and growth, but also for the mammary gland. 2-IHDA, inhibits nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH)-dependent H2O2 generation in vitro, as well as in vivo. It also inhibits adenylate-cyclase activity, and therefore is supposed to mediate the well-known Wolff—Chaikoff effect. 

Since it has been suggested that the fetus and infant might be more susceptible to the adverse effects of perchlorate on neonatal thyroid function, the perchlorate content of breast milk and infant formulae was assessed. We found that perchlorate was detected in all 49 breast milk samples (median, 9.1pg/l) and in 17 infant formulae (median, 1.5pg/l). There was no correlation between breast milk perchlorate and breast milk iodine content, even in those 27 samples with perchlorate concentrations greater than lOpg/1 (Pearce et al., 2007 b). This is in contrast to the data reported by Kirk et al. (2005) in 6 breast milk samples in which there was a negative correlation between perchlorate and iodine content. Perchlorate has also been detected in cows milk in the US (5.9 1.8 o,g/l) (Kirk et al., 2005) and in Japan (9.4 2.7 J,g/l) (Dyke et al., 2007). 

SYM-002 — Solid I2 SYM-002 was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study that dosed patients for 6 months with 0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mg I2 in a ratio of 1 1 2 2. Healthy euthyroid mastalgia patients between the age of 18 and 50 who were unresponsive to conservative treatments, such as over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics, were eligible for the study. Subjects needed toi-dentify a history of at least 6 months of moderate or severe breast pain, and to document at least 6 days per cycle of a score >5 cm with VAS pain daily. Patients presented at least several diffuse nodules or increased thickness of breast tissue involving at least 25% of both breast surfaces. Subjects with a history of thyroid disease or positive TPO antibodies (TPOAb) were excluded, as well as those who started or stopped hormonal therapy within 6 months of enrollment. Laboratory assessment included a chemistry profile, hematology analysis, urinalysis and thyroid function tests (T3, T4, TSH, FT3). 

Dallaire R, Dewailly E, Pereg D et al (2(K)9) Thyroid function and plasma concentrations of polyhalogenated compounds in Inuit adults. Environ Health Perspect 117 1380-1386 Damerud PO, Aune M, Larsson L et al (2011) Levels of brominated flame retardants and other persistent organic pollutants in breast milk samples from Limpopo province. South Africa. Sci Total Environ 409 4048 053... 

Iodine concentrations in breast milk and in random urine in neonates and the serum concentrations of neonatal TSH and free thyroxine on day 5 after delivery were measured after the use of povidone-iodine for disinfection after delivery (36). Iodine concentrations in the breast milk and neonatal TSH were significantly raised. Perinatal iodine exposure causes transient hypothyroidism in a significant number of neonates, in whom careful monitoring and follow-up of thyroid gland function are needed. It is better to avoid the use of iodine-containing antiseptics in pregnancy and neonates, especially if follow-up cannot be guaranteed. 

Daunorubicin (Daunomycin and Cerubidine) and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) bind to and cause the intercalation of the DNA molecule, thereby inhibiting DNA template function. They also provoke DNA chain scission and chromosomal damage. Daunorubicin is useful in treating patients with acute lymphocytic or acute granulocytic leukemia. Adriamycin is useful in cases of solid tumors such as sarcoma, metastatic breast cancer, and thyroid cancer. These agents cause stomatitis, alopecia, myelosuppression, and cardiac abnormalities ranging from arrhythmias to cardiomyopathy. 

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