Breast milk breastfeeding

The occasonal disadvantages of breast milk are less well known. It is possible to transmit infection (e.g. HIV) as well as drugs through breast milk. Breastfeeding can cause a mild self-limiting hyperbihrubinaemia, resulting in jaundice. It can also be associated with a vitamin K deficiency as there are insufficient levels in breast milk (17b). 

The nurse notifies the primary health care provider if milk drips from the breast before or after breastfeeding or if milk drips from the opposite breast during breastfeeding because there would be no need to continue drug therapy. The primary health care provider is notified if nasal irritation, palpations, or uterine cramping occurs. 

PCDD/PCDFs accumulate in human adipose tissue, and the level reflects the history of intake by the individual. Several factors have been shown to affect adipose tissue concentrations/body burdens, notably age, the number of children and period of breastfeeding, and dietary habits. Breast-milk represents the most useful matrix for evaluating time trends of dioxins and many other POPs. Several factors affect the PCDD/PCDFs content of human breast-milk, most notably the mothers age, the duration of breast-feeding and the fat content of the milk. Studies should therefore ideally... 

Diclofenac is a phenylacetic acid derivative, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is available as the potassium and sodium salts. Potassium salts are slightly more soluble than the sodium salts. Diclofenac can be used in breastfeeding mothers since the amount that passes through breast milk is too small to be harmful to the baby. However, diclofenac is contraindicated in pregnancy, especially during the last trimester. 

Lactation Clindamycin and lincomycin appear in breast milk. The American Academy of Pediatrics considers clindamycin to be compatible with breastfeeding. Children Lincomycin is not indicated for use in the newborn. When clindamycin is administered to newborns and infants, monitor organ system functions. 

Lactation The small concentrations of isoniazid in breast milk do not produce toxicity in the nursing newborn therefore, do not discourage breastfeeding. However, because levels of isoniazid are so low in breast milk, they cannot be relied upon for prophylaxis or therapy in nursing infants. 

Lactation Acyclovir concentrates in breast milk. Exercise caution when administering to a breastfeeding woman. 

Lactation It is not known whether famciclovir is excreted in breast milk. Decide whether to discontinue breastfeeding or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. 

Lactation Tinidazole is excreted in breast milk in concentrations similar to those seen in serum. Tinidazole can be detected in breast milk for up to 72 hours following administration. Interruption of breastfeeding is recommended during tinidazole therapy and for 3 days following the last dose. 

Lactation Mitoxantrone is excreted in breast milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in infants, discontinue breastfeeding before starting treatment. 

Michie, C. A. (1998). The long term effects of breastfeeding A role for the cells in breast milk /. Trap. Pediatr. 44, 2-3. 

A woman returns from a yearlong trip abroad with her 2-week-old infant, whom she is breastfeeding. The child soon starts to exhibit lethargy, diarrhea, vomiting, jaundice, and an enlarged liver. The pediatrician prescribed a switch from breast milk to infant formula containing sucrose as the sole carbohydrate. The baby s symptoms resolve within a few days. 

Insignificant quantities of desmopressin pass into breast milk (74), and so breastfeeding is not contraindicated in association with desmopressin administration to a nursing mother. 

The manufacturers of zaleplon advise that it should not be given to breastfeeding mothers since, although only a small amount is excreted into breast milk, the effect on the nursing infant is not known. Zaleplon was... 

The critical question for me and for you is whether or not it is safe to breastfeed. Unless you are an Inuit woman (whose diet of harbor seals makes her vulnerable to very high levels of PBDEs) or someone who lives near the site of an industrial accident, the answer is a big yes. This is because the benefits of breastfeeding greatly outweigh the risks, and, frankly, formula is far from pure. Some studies show that breast milk may... 

Stories in the media about the chemical contamination of human milk have made many mothers wonder if bottle-feeding might be an equally healthy alternative to breastfeeding. It is not. The choice is very clear Your own breast milk is, hands down, the best food for your baby—far better than its inferior pretender infant formula. This is the conclusion I reached after more than two years of studying the data on the chemical contamination of breast milk. It s why I nursed Faith for more than two years. 

And there are practical benefits, too. Breastfeeding can be done one-handed. (Indeed, I m nursing my son as I m writing these words.) Bottle-feeding, which takes two hands, makes multi-tasking impossible. Breast milk is so digestible that comparatively little comes out the other end. Less poop. And it has no offensive odor. Really. 

There does not appear to be any difference between children and adults in terms of how much aluminum will enter the body, where aluminum can be found in the body, and how fast aluminum will leave the body. Aluminum from the mother can enter her unborn baby through the placenta. Aluminum is found in breast milk, but only a small amount of this aluminum will enter the infant s body through breastfeeding... 

A number of potentially toxic metals have been reported in breast milk, including Cd, Hg, and Pb. Unlike the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), metals do not bind to the fat, and so they do not usually accumulate at concentrations higher in breast milk than in blood. As a result, infants are likely to be exposed to higher levels of toxic metals before birth than during breastfeeding. Nonetheless, knowledge of concentrations of potentially toxic metals in breast milk is important as an indication of both likely prenatal and postnatal exposure. 

The development of commercial substitutes for breastmilk has lessened the frequency of breastfeeding in humans, but this does not apply to domesticated and wild animals. Much attention is given to the issue of toxicant transfer from mother to offspring via breast milk (Chapter 34), yet reproductive toxicologists must also consider the impact that impaired lactation or lactational behavior may have when evaluating changes in the fecundity of a population. 

Q12 Outline the composition of breast milk and explain the benefits to the baby of breastfeeding. 

Breast-milk lithium concentrations were measured in 11 women taking lithium carbonate 600-1,500 mg/day (506). Maternal serum concentrations were available in only three and infant concentrations in two. No infants had adverse effects that could be attributed to lithium, and the authors calculated that infant lithium exposure was low, leading them to challenge the general contraindication to breastfeeding under such circumstances. 

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