Branches specialized

The design of air conditioning systems is a highly specialized branch of engineering. A number of excellent information sources regarding air conditioning are available (1). 

Most Kaminsky catalysts contain only one type of active center. They produce ethylene—a-olefin copolymers with uniform compositional distributions and quite narrow MWDs which, at their limit, can be characterized by M.Jratios of about 2.0 and MFR of about 15. These features of the catalysts determine their first appHcations in the specialty resin area, to be used in the synthesis of either uniformly branched VLDPE resins or completely amorphous PE plastomers. Kaminsky catalysts have been gradually replacing Ziegler catalysts in the manufacture of certain commodity LLDPE products. They also faciUtate the copolymerization of ethylene with cycHc dienes such as cyclopentene and norhornene (33,34). These copolymers are compositionaHy uniform and can be used as LLDPE resins with special properties. Ethylene—norhornene copolymers are resistant to chemicals and heat, have high glass transitions, and very high transparency which makes them suitable for polymer optical fibers (34). 

Countries produciug commodity LLDPE and their capacities, as well as production volumes of some U.S. companies, are Hsted iu Table 5. Iu most cases, an accurate estimate of the total LLDPE production capacity is compHcated by the fact that a large number of plants are used, iu turn, for the manufacture of either HDPE or LLDPE iu the same reactors. VLDPE and LLDPE resius with a uniform branching distribution were initially produced in the United States by Exxon Chemical Company and Dow Chemical Company. However, since several other companies around the world have also aimounced their entry into this market, the worldwide capacity of uniformly branched LLDPE resins in 1995 is expected to reach a million tons. Special grades of LLDPE resins with broad MWD are produced by Phillips Petroleum Co. under the trade name Low Density Linear Polyethylenes or LDLPE. 

In Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Amino acid transfusion has been widely used since early times to maintain basic nitrogen metaboHsm when proteinaceous food caimot be eaten. It was very difficult to prepare a pyrogen-free transfusion from protein hydrolysates. Since the advances in L-amino acid production, the crystalline L-amino acids have been used and the problem of pyrogen in transfusion has been solved. The formulation of amino acid transfusion has been extensively investigated, and a solution or mixture in which the ratio between essential and nonessential amino acid is 1 1, has been widespread clinically. Special amino acid mixtures (eg, branched chain amino acids-enriched solution) have been developed for the treatment of several diseases (93). 

Molecular distillation occurs where the vapor path is unobstmcted and the condenser is separated from the evaporator by a distance less than the mean-free path of the evaporating molecules (86). This specialized branch of distillation is carried out at extremely low pressures ranging from 13—130 mPa (0.1—1.0 p.m Hg) (see Vacuum technology). Molecular distillation is confined to appHcations where it is necessary to minimize component degradation by distilling at the lowest possible temperatures. Commercial usage includes the distillation of vitamins (qv) and fatty acid dimers (see Dimeracids). 

One chain-end is typically unsaturated due to chain transfer and termination mechanisms. Mol wts can range from several hundred to several million. There is no long-chain branching unless special synthesis methods ate employed. The mol wt distribution is commonly the most probable,... 

Lipson (1943, 1944), who had examined a copper-nickeMron ternary alloy. A few years ago, on an occasion in honour of Mats Hillert, Cahn (1991) mapped out in masterly fashion the history of the spinodal concept and its establishment as a widespread alternative mechanism to classical nucleation in phase transformations, specially of the solid-solid variety. An excellent, up-to-date account of the present status of the theory of spinodal decomposition and its relation to experiment and to other branches of physics is by Binder (1991). The Hillert/Cahn/Hilliard theory has also proved particularly useful to modern polymer physicists concerned with structure control in polymer blends, since that theory was first applied to these materials in 1979 (see outline by Kyu 1993). 

Spherulites are to be distinguished from dendrimers, which also have spherical form. A dendrimer is a single molecule of a special kind of polymer which spreads from a nucleus by repeated branching. 

Neurons have three parts the cell body and dendrites, the axon, and axon terminals. The cell body contains the nucleus and the organelles needed for metabolism, growth, and repair. The dendrites are branched extensions of the cell body membrane. The axon is a long, thin structure which transfers electrical impulses down to the terminals. The axon divides into numerous axon terminals and it is in this specialized region that neurotransmitters are released to transmit information from one neuron to its neighbors. The synapse has been defined as the space between two subsequent interrelated neurons. ... 

Fach-werk, n. framework, bay-work lattice-work checker work, -wissenschaft, /. special branch of science, specialty, -wort, n. technical word or term, -worterbuch, n. technical dictionary, -zeitschxift, /. special periodical, technical journal, trade journal. Facit, n. sum, result, answer. 

In both cases the three principal branches contain n - 1 nodes of degree 4. Taking the special case 0 into account and using the results of Sec. 23 [(2 - A ) applies to case (1) and ( to... 

I use "red point" instead of "a certain point" to emphasize its special role the number of principal branches is set at three only to fix the ideas.) If the three principal branches at K have /, y, and nodes, respectively, then... 

Some special features arise from pericyclic reactions. In the reaction of an a-methyl-branched aldehyde with ( )-crotylboronates, Cram selectivity is enhanced, whereas the Z-isomers show moderate anti-Cram selectivity23 - 25 (see Section D.1.3.3.3.3.1.3.). These findings can most likely be applied generally. 

Copolymers of AN with diene monomers and, in particular, with butadiene and isoprene, deserve special attention. These copolymers with a predominating content of monomeric units of dienes are known to have been produced in the form of rubbers for a long time and are finding a broad application in various branches of technology. 

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