Bouquet

Additionally, more sophisticated pulse sequences (the procedure is called spectral editing) enable one to obtain spectra, after addition or subtraction, where only the following are present (see, for example Bouquet, 1986) ... 

Bouquet, M. and A. Bailleul (1986), Routine method for quantitative carbon 13 NMR spectra editing and providing structural patterns. Application to every kind of petroleum fraction including residues and asphaltenes . Fuel, Vol. 65, p. 1240. 

Flophemsyl reagents Floral bouquet Floral foam Floral fragrances Floral odor... 

Other Food Uses. Jellies, jams, and preserves use malic acid to balance flavor and adjust pH for pectin set. Canned fmits and vegetables employ malic acid in combination with ascorbic acid to produce a synergistic effect that aids in the reduction of browning. Wine and cider producers use malic acid in malolactic fermentation to provide bouquet and for pH adjustment. 

Floral Bouquet Family. In the floral bouquet family, fantasy accords are blended into the floral. They all have distinct notes that distinguish one perfume from another. 

Violet Leaf. Violet leaf absolute is produced by the usual extraction methods from Viola odorata (var. Victoria). It is grown mainly ia the south of France and Egypt. Although this material is not produced ia large amounts, it is quite valuable ia perfumery for its powerhil green leafy and doral character, an odor that belongs to many doral bouquets. The principal odorant ia violet leaf absolute is 2-/n j -6-i7j -nonadienal [55748-2]. 

Beverilges. Vanillin confers a pleasant note to Hqueur flavoring and improves the flavor of fortified wines by giving them a greatly enhanced bouquet. For example, vanillin is used for flavoring grenadine as well as chocolate-flavored drinks. 

Leptactina senegambica (Rubiaceas). The root-bark contains about 1 per cent, of alkaloids, including leptactinine, m.p. 264f-6°, which forms a picrate, m.p. 258° (dec.), picrolonate, m.p. 196°, and styphnate, m.p. 240-2°. The colour reactions with numerous alkaloidal reagents are recorded, some of which indicate that an indole nucleus is present. Pharmacological effects of an extract of the root bark are described (Paris and Bouquet, Ann. pharm. franc., 1946, 4, 233). 

It is a very aromatic oil, useful in some bouquets, and is found naturally in storax and other balsamic substances. It is prepared by various methods, amongst them being the heating of cinnamic acid with lime to 200°. It is a colourless, highly refractive liquid having the following characters —... 

The higher aliphatic alcohols, from octyl alcohol upwards, have-recently been introduced as perfume materials with considerable success. Only one or two of them, such as nonyl and undeeylenic alcohols, have so far been detected as natural constituents of essential oils, but other members of the series are prepared artificially, and are employed in minute quantities in the preparation of perfumes with characteristic, fruity bouquets. These alcohols are greatly diminished in perfume value by traces of impurities. According to H. J. Prins, the first interesting member of the series is octyl alcohol it has a very sweet, rose-like odour, and is especially suitable for giving a rose perfume that pecnliar sweet smell which distinguishes a rose from a rose perfume. This feature of the aliphatic alcohols diminishes in the series from Cg to Cjg. 

Undecylic Alcohol.—This alcohol, CH3(CH2)<,CH20H, may be described as of the same general characters as decylic alcohol, useful for the same purpose, but ving a slightly different modification to the bouquets. It occurs in Algerian Rue oil and in oil of Trawas. It boils at 231° to 233°. 

It is a colourless, thick oil, with an odour recalling that of cinnamic alcohol and hyacinths. It is useful in synthetic perfumery in the preparation of bouquets, and it is extremely useful in odours of the type of hyacinth, narcissus, jonquil, and the like. 

The add is obtained by the reduction of cinnamic acid by means of sodium amalgam. The acid is then esterified by the condensing action of a mineral acid in methyl alcohol solution. The ester is an oil of very sweet odour, and is very useful for flower bouquets. 

Ethyl Nonylate.—This ester has, during the past year or two, been recognised as having a most useful odour for modifying flower bouquets. It is a fruity oil boiling at 227° to 228°, and having the constitution... 

The rose odour is still further modified by the presence of the five carbon acid radicle, and judicious blending of the various geranyl esters is capable of giving numerous characteristic bouquets to the various rose odours. This ester boils at 135° to 138° at 10 mm. pressure. 

It has a characteristic fruity odour, and is most useful for imparting a fruity bouquet to a flower perfume, but must be used in small quantities. 

Styrolyl Acetate.—Styrolene alcohol, or phenyl-ethyl glycol, is an alcohol prepared from styrolene dibromide by the action of caustic potash. It can be esterified, and forms an acetic ester of the formula CgHj. CH(OH)CHg. OOC. CHg. It is an ester with a fine flower odour, which has been described as fragrant and dreamy . It is generally stated by those who have used it that it is indispensable in the preparation of fine flower bouquets with a jasmin odour. 

Undecylic Aldehyde.—This has recently been prepared, and is now being used in the blending of flower bouquets. It has the formula... 

Blume, /, flower bloom (Dyeing) scum, flurry aroma, bouquet, bllimen, v.t. flower, figure. 

Strauchbolz, n. brushwood, underwood. Strauss, m. bush tuft, crest, bunch, bouquet ... 

Classification of wines according to the grape variety succeeds better, in general, because there are many more typical bouquet components (several hundreds) than mineral and trace elements being typical for the origin of wine. The organic compounds can be analyzed easily and reliably by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Capillary Gas Chromatography and afterwards used for classification (De la Calle et al. [1998]). An example... 

Fig. 8.12. Representation of the both first discriminant functions df vs df2 obtained by discriminant analysis (MVDA) of 65 German wines from five wine-growing regions according to six different grape varieties by means of 58 features (bouquet components)...

De la Calle D, Reichenbacher M, Danzer K, Hurlbeck C, Bartzsch C, Feller K-H (1998) Analysis of wine bouquet components using headspace solid-phase microextractioncapillary gas chromatography. J High Resol Chromatogr 21 373... 

From the hair-pencils of butterflies in Danainae and Ithomiinae (Papilion-oidea Nymphalidae), a wider variety of pyrrolizines (la-d, and 6a-d) have been identified than from Arctiidae moths. These compounds are biosynthesized from pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are included in host plants fed by the larvae and protect them from the attacks of other herbivores [122]. In addition to novel lactones (7, 8a, and 8b) derived from an acid part of the alkaloids, many volatiles of more than 100 compounds (aromatics, terpenoids, hydrocarbons, and others) constitute scent bouquets of the male butterflies [123]. For example, the hair-pencil of Idea leuconoe (Danainae) which is distributed in South-East Asia contained 16 compounds (6b, 8a, 8b, 9, and others), and a mixture of the major volatiles applied to a butterfly dummy elicited an abdomen-curling acceptance posture in the females as a crude extract of the male hair-pencils did [ 124]. A chiral GC analysis revealed the absolute config-... 

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