Botanicals rotenone

Animals repeatedly fed derris power (a botanical source containing 9.6% rotenone) at levels from 312 to 5000 ppm developed focal liver necrosis and mild kidney damage. The oral LDso values vary greatly depending on particle size, manner of dispersion, activity of sample, and species tested. Values ranging from 25mg/kg in rats to more than 3000mg/kg in rabbits have been reported. ... 

Botanicals Plant extracts without petroleum-based synergists (pyrethrum, rotenone, nicotine, neem, horsetail) Rare Rare... 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 1998. Material Safety Data Sheet Bonide Rotenone 5%. U.S. Department of Labor, http //www.biconet.com/botanicals/infosheets/ rotenon5.pdf (accessed June 5, 2006). 

Insecticides of botanical origin Nicotine, Pyrethrum, Rotenone... 

There are six botanical insecticides currently available on the market. These are pyrethrum, nicotine, rotenone, azadirachtin, sabadilla, and ryania. Pyrethrum has been described earlier. 

But these good points don t mean that all botanicals are equally safe for garden use. Before nicotine breaks down, tor instance, it is one of the most toxic poisons known. Rotenone, ryania, and sabadilla are also very toxic compounds. Besides killing pests, they can also kill bees and other pollinators rotenone is particularly toxic to birds and fish, as well. These materials are also moderately to very toxic to people and pets. There are additional concerns that rotenone residue may last longer on food than was previously thought. 

Rotenone is an alkaloid botanical pesticide isolated from plants (Denis sp. or Lonchocarpus sp.). It blocks mitochondrial electron transport. It is associated with dermatitis and mucous membrane irritation in humans and is very potent in fish. In humans, intoxication is rare but when present is directed toward the respiratory system. Rotenone is used as a topical ectoparasiticide. As mentioned in the text, it has been implicated as possibly having a role in Parkinson s disease. The newest and by far safest class of insecticides available today are the insect growth inhibitors, such as methoprene (PreCor ), and chitin synthesis inhibitors, such as lufenuron (Program ). 

A. Classification and Prototypes The three major classes of insecticides are the chlorinated hydrocarbons (DDT and its analogs), acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (carbamates, organophos-phates), and the botanical agents (nicotine, rotenone, pyrethrum alkaloids). 

Based on these results, we tested the efficacy of aqueous emulsions and direct aqueous extracts against diamondback moth larvae on cabbage plants in a greenhouse trial. Aqueous emulsions of seed extract as low as 0.5% concentration produced >80% lar al mortality, and were superior to the use of 1% rotenone dust, a commercial botanical insecticide. An aqueous extract at 7,5% concentration produced >90% larval mortality, comparable to that obtained with 0.1% pyrethrum,... 

Rotenone (35) has a long history as a commercial botanical insecticide [65], although almost neglected today. However, it has been reported as one of the best natural antifeedant compounds ever tested against storage pests [66]. 

In reality, pesticides of botanical origin have been used for centuries to protect crops and stored products and to repel pests from human habitations. Among the most well known are pyrethrum, neem, rotenone, nicotine and plant essential oils, although more than 2,000 plant species have been found to possess insecticidal activity [3-4]. However, while most botanical pesticides are known solely for their insecticidal activity, plant essential oils are also known for their uses as fragrances, flavorings, condiments or spices, and many are also considered to have medicinal uses. Given this widespread use, numerous plant essential oils are already widely available and their chemistry is generally well-understood. 

Certainly, in the case of the insecticides, past experience has shown this approach to be successful, with synthetic pyrethroids as the best example. Other commercially useful botanical pesticides include nicotine, pyrethrum, rotenone and several other alkaloids. Similarly, other natural compounds modifying feeding behavior or inhibiting the growth of insect larvae, are considered viable alternatives to acute toxins, for insect control (3). One of the most successful examples so far is Neem, extracted from the seeds of the tree Azadirachta indica. 

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