Oral LDSO value

The oral LDso values were 3900mg/kg for rats and 5760mg/kg for mice. ... 

In rats the oral LDso values for borates are essentially the same as for boric acid they range from 3.16 to 6.08 g/kg." When borax was fed to dogs and rats for 2 years, 3 50 ppm as boron in the diet had no effect. In a three-generation feeding study in rats, 350ppm had no effect on fertility, litter size, weight, or appearance. 

Mice kept in saturated vapor of technical chlordane without hexachlorocyclopentadiene for 25 days showed no symptomatic effects. The oral LDso values for rats range from 200 to 590mg/kg." ... 

In rats, the inhalation LDso is greater than 150mg/m various oral LDso values ranging from 1000 to 2000mg/kg have been cited. For mice, LDso values of 600-1550 mg/kg have been reported. There were no fatalities in rats administered 10 treatments of 200mg/kg over a 2-week period. 

In rats, oral LDso values of 1 and 2g/kg have been reported there were no deaths after an 8-hour exposure to samrated vapors at room temperature. Administration of up to 15,000 ppm in the feed of rats for 90 days caused decreases in food consumption but no treatment-related clinical signs or histopathologic findings. ... 

The acute oral LDso values for dimethyl hydrogen phosphite were 3300 and 3 000 mg/ kg body weight (bw) for male and female Fischer 344/N rats, respectively, and 2800mg/ kg bw for male B6C3F1 mice. ... 

Signs of acute endosulfan intoxication in animals are similar to those seen in humans and include hyperexcitability, dyspnea, decreased respiration, fine tremor, and tonic-clonic convulsions. Oral LDso values range from 7.4 mg/kg in male mice to 40-125mg/kg for... 

Very young children are perhaps more susceptible to poisoning because they may not hydrolyze the pyrethrum esters efficiently. Animal studies indicate that pyrethrum may undergo efficient destruction in the liver and/ or be slowly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, because oral LDso values are several magnitudes of order higher than intravenous values. ... 

Animals repeatedly fed derris power (a botanical source containing 9.6% rotenone) at levels from 312 to 5000 ppm developed focal liver necrosis and mild kidney damage. The oral LDso values vary greatly depending on particle size, manner of dispersion, activity of sample, and species tested. Values ranging from 25mg/kg in rats to more than 3000mg/kg in rabbits have been reported. ... 

In rats, 1000 ppm caused death in five of six animals after 4 hours of exposure. Eight of 15 mice did not survive exposure to 5000 ppm for 20 minutes liver damage accounted for four additional deaths after 7-10 days. Daily 10-minute exposures to 2 500 ppm for 10 days resulted in the death of 7 of 10 mice tested. Oral LDso values ranging ftom 150 to 450mg/kg have been determined in rats. Before death, signs suggestive of central... 

A single dose oral LDso value of approximately 13,000 mg/kg was reported for mice, and 14 daily doses of 625 mg/kg were lethal for 6 of 20 exposed male mice (Hayes et al. 1986). In rats fed carbon tetrachloride in stock diets or protein-free diets, LDso values of 10,200 or 23,400 mg/kg, respectively were reported (McLean and McLean 1966). The authors attributed the difference in sensitivity in animals in this study to protein depletion which has reportedly afforded protection against carbon tetrachloride toxicity. This may result from protein depletion-induced reduction in cytochrome P-450 synthesis, with a consequent diminished metabolic activation of carbon tetrachloride to toxic metabolites. In other studies using rats, an LDso value of approximately 7,500 mg/kg was reported (Pound et al. 1973), while 17/20 animals were killed within 14 days of a single oral gavage exposure to 8,000 mg/kg (Thakore and Mehendale 1991). Doses as low as 400 mg/kg have resulted in the death of cats (Chandler and Chopra 1926). 

Torkelson et al. (1958) reported acute oral LDso values of 12,300 and 10,300 mg/kg for male and female rats, respectively. LDso values for other species include 11,240 mg/kg for mice, 9,470 mg/kg for guinea pigs, and 5,660 mg/kg for rabbits (Torkelson et al. 1958). A more recent study reported LDso values of 17,148 and 12,996 mg/kg for male and female mice, respectively (Kinkead and Wolfe 1992). In 6-week studies, lethality was produced by gavage doses of 5,620 mg/kg/day in rats and 10,000 mg/kg/day in mice (NC11977). Repeated gavage doses of 2,500 mg/kg/day killed 5 to 15 rats within 50 days (Bruckner 1983). In chronic studies, effects on survival occurred at much lower doses. Survival decreased in rats exposed to 750 mg/kg/day and mice exposed to 2,807 mg/kg/day by gavage (NCI 1977). Chronic oral exposure to 500 mg/kg/day of 1,1,1-trichloroethane by gavage did not affect rat survival (Maltoni et al. 1986). 

The acute toxic effects are mild. 1,4-Butane-diol is less toxic than its unsaturate analogs, butenediol and the butynediol. The oral LDso value in white rats and guinea pigs is 7. mL/kg. The toxic symptoms from ingestion may include excitement, depression of the central nervous system, nausea, and drowsiness. 

Vapors an irritant to the eyes, nose, and throat chronic exposure may injure the kidney oral LDso value (rats) 2060 mg/kg combustible liquid flash point (closed cup)... 

The LCTso of zinc chloride was reported as 11,800 mg-min/m (Schenker et al. 1981), but the basis for this value was not provided. Exposure to 119.3-121.7 mg zinc/m as zinc chloride smoke for 3-20 weeks decreased the survival of guinea pigs and mice (Marrs et al. 1988). Death was reported in ferrets orally exposed to 390 mg zinc/kg/day as zinc oxide (Straube et al. 1980) and mice exposed to 1,110 mg zinc/kg/day as zinc sulfate (Malta et al. 1981) following acute and intermediate oral exposures, respectively. Adverse systemic effects were observed in these animals, but the specific cause of death could not be determined. Acute oral LDso values in rats depend on the specific zinc compound and rnge from 237 mg zinc/kg as zinc acetate to 623 mg zinc/kg as zinc sulfate. In mice, the range of LDso values is 86 mg zinc/kg as zinc acetate to 605 mg zinc/kg as zinc chloride (Domingo et al. 1988a). Death from exposure to environmental levels of zinc is improbable. 

Oral LDso values have been reported for several substances in this group and are summarized in Table 3. In rats, LDso values range from 1280 mg/kg bw for a,a-dimethylphenethyl aloohol (No. 1653) to 6960 mg/kg bw for 6-acetoxydihydrotheaspirane (No. 1647), demonstrating that the oral acute toxicity of these tertiary alcohols is low (Jenner et al., 1964 Moreno, 1973, 1975, 1977 Russell, 1973 Griffiths, 1979 Collinson, 1989 Moore, 2000). 

Oral LDso values have been reported for 2 of the 51 substances evaluated in this group and are summarized in Table 3. In rats, oral LDso values of 682 and 9500-10 940 mg/kg bw have been reported for ethanethiol (No. 1659) and S-allyl-L-cysteine (No. 1710), respeotively, confirming the low acute toxicity of simple aliphatic and aromatic sulfides and thiols (Fairchild Stokinger, 1958 Kodera et al 2002). 

Oral LDso values have been reported for 3 of the 12 substances in this group. For A/-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienylcyclopropylcarboxamide (No. 1779) and N-[(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl]-p-menthane-3-carboxamide, the LDso in rats was >2000 mg/kg bw (No. 1776) (Merkel, 2004 Culling, 2005). 

Lactic acid has shown an oral ldso value of 3.543 g/kg in rats [18], 4.88 g/kg in mice, and 1.81 g/kg in guinea pigs [8]. LD50 value can be defined as the dose of an agent (lactic acid in this case) that is sufficient to kill 50% of a population of animals within a certain time. Lactic acid has also shown irritation of skin in rabbits at 500mg/24h and severe irritation of the eye in rabbits at 750 xg/kg [18]. 

Hexythiazox is a new type of potent acaricide with very high standard of safety as has been testified by toxicological studies. No toxicological problems arose in chronic toxicity or in acute toxicity, e.g. the acute oral LDso value for rats is over 5,000 mg/kg. 

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