Pesticides botanical

Synthetic chemical barrier preventive foliar sprays with synthetic insecticides, nematicides, acaricides, anticoagulants, fumigants, fungicides or bactericides botanical pesticides containing petroleum derivatives Absent Common... 

Jacobson, M. (1989) Botanical pesticides past, present, future. In Arnason, J.T., Philogene, B.J. and Morland, P. (eds) Insecticides of Plant Origin. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 1-1 0. 

The first and most important rule for the gardener who wants to encourage beneficial insects is to avoid using toxic sprays or dusts in the garden. Even botanical pesticides and insecticidal soap sprays kill beneficial insects as well as they kill pests. Use them only when absolutely necessary and only apply them on the plants being attacked. 

Organic sprays and dusts There are several natural sprays, dusts, or baits that repel or poison pests. You can make some types yourself from garden and kitchen ingredients. Vbu can buy products including botanical pesticides such as neem or pyrethrin. 

Remember that some controls are not compatible with one another. For example, spraying botanical pesticides can harm beneficial insects, so don t spray when you have just released beneficial insects, and don t apply pesticides on plants that are attractive to beneficial insects. 

Organically acceptable sprays such as horticultural oils make pest habitats inhospitable they also coat and suffocate scales. Soap sprays kill soft-bodied pests, as well as many beneficials, but are safer for the gardener than botanical pesticides such as pyrethrin. Gentle, nonpesticidal controls such as homemade herbal or baking soda sprays are much less toxic than botanical pesticides . select them first when you seek sprays or dusts to remedy pest problems. 

Pick ripe fruits or vegetables, prune plants if appropriate, and remove weeds that provide pests cover. Although fruits and vegetables are safe to eat within a few days after application of most botanical pesticides, it makes sense to gather up everything that s ready to eat before you spray. This also reduces... 

For small jobs, use a hand-held trigger sprayer, Keep one sprayer for nonpoison-ous liquid sprays, like those made from soap, garlic, peppers, or kelp, and label a separate sprayer for biological or botanical pesticides. Remember to wear rubber gloves while applying biological or botanical controls. 

Many organically acceptable controls are known by more than one name. For e.xample. highly refined horticultural oils used to kill a variety of pests are also called supreme, summer, or superior oils. And some gardeners refer to spraying pyrethrin. while others call that botanical pesticide pyrethrum. 

Botanical pesticides have broad-spectrum activity, meaning that they kill a wide variety... 

Boston ivy. See Parthenocissus Botanical names, 416,487-88 Botanical pesticides, 468. See also specific types... 

Inoculation, 343,344 Insecticidal soaps. See Soap sprays Insecticides. See also Botanical pesticides Organic sprays and dusts beneficials and, 451-52 Insect impostors, 260-61... 

Rotenone is an alkaloid botanical pesticide isolated from plants (Denis sp. or Lonchocarpus sp.). It blocks mitochondrial electron transport. It is associated with dermatitis and mucous membrane irritation in humans and is very potent in fish. In humans, intoxication is rare but when present is directed toward the respiratory system. Rotenone is used as a topical ectoparasiticide. As mentioned in the text, it has been implicated as possibly having a role in Parkinson s disease. The newest and by far safest class of insecticides available today are the insect growth inhibitors, such as methoprene (PreCor ), and chitin synthesis inhibitors, such as lufenuron (Program ). 

Prakash, A Rao, J. Botanical Pesticides in Agriculture, CRC Lewis Publishers Boca Raton, 1997. 

McPartland JM, Glass M, and Mercer A. (2000a) Cannabis as a botanical pesticide are cannabinoid receptors involved ESA Program Abstracts, Entomological Society of America, Lanham, MD, p. 34. 

In reality, pesticides of botanical origin have been used for centuries to protect crops and stored products and to repel pests from human habitations. Among the most well known are pyrethrum, neem, rotenone, nicotine and plant essential oils, although more than 2,000 plant species have been found to possess insecticidal activity [3-4]. However, while most botanical pesticides are known solely for their insecticidal activity, plant essential oils are also known for their uses as fragrances, flavorings, condiments or spices, and many are also considered to have medicinal uses. Given this widespread use, numerous plant essential oils are already widely available and their chemistry is generally well-understood. 

Certainly, in the case of the insecticides, past experience has shown this approach to be successful, with synthetic pyrethroids as the best example. Other commercially useful botanical pesticides include nicotine, pyrethrum, rotenone and several other alkaloids. Similarly, other natural compounds modifying feeding behavior or inhibiting the growth of insect larvae, are considered viable alternatives to acute toxins, for insect control (3). One of the most successful examples so far is Neem, extracted from the seeds of the tree Azadirachta indica. 

Further evidence supporting the use of insecticides dates back to the Sumerians and the Chinese between 3,200 to 4,500 years ago. As with the leaves lining prehistoric beds, the original pesticides used by these civilizations were readily available animal, plant, and mineral compounds. Mercury, arsenic, and sulfur compounds were all used for insect control in these ancient civilizations. Generations later, approximately 2,000 years ago, a botanical pesticide, dried chrysanthemum flowers, was added to the list of ancient pesticides. 

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