Resins olibanum

For pharmaceutical purposes, oue of the maiu problems will be to defiue the botanical origin of the different olibanum resins. Up to now, there are no scientifically current pharmaceutical monographs on olibanum, and pharmaceutical companies that want to develop new medicinal products have an urgent need of analytical methods for the botanical identihcation and quality assurance of the resins. Attempts had been made by Hahn-Deinstrop et al. [2]. 

FIGURE 16.2 Common monoterpenic, aromatic, and aliphatic constituents of olibanum resins. 

The solutions of the olibanum resins reveal an unpleasant property of stickiness. This must be considered with all steps of analyzing and isolation. That is why a preceding column chromatography (CC) is recommended, to enrich the diterpenes of interest. The further purifieation of the supposed marker substances was carried out by PLC. 

The investigation of the pyrolysates of the olibanum resins was initiated by an article in a newspaper. The anthor of this article seemed to be apprehensive about the pharmacological and toxicological effects of the fume of the resins, which are used in religious ceremonies, on the health of people. The resins used in churches named as Pontifical or Olibanum Konig mainly consist of B. carterii, whereas those of inferior quality contain B. serrata resins. For this reason, the fumes of both resins were investigated by Basar [4]. 

FIGURE 16.12 Structures of triterpenic pyrolysis products of olibanum resins. 

Basar, S. and Koch, A., Test of the stability of Olibanum resins and extracts, J. Planar Chromatogr, 17, 479, 2004. 

Menthadien-8-ol (558) has been reported as a new natural product from olibanum resin. This compound had already been synthesized in a routine manner by Hoppmann and Weyerstahl in 1974, from the methyl ester of 4-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadienecarboxylic acid (from isoprene and propargylic acid). ... 

Olibanum resin (Caelo), extract of Boswellia carteri Dosage form tablet H 15 Essential oil (resin from Egypt), Boswellia carteri Essential oil (resin from East Afrika)... 

Olibanum Resin Boswellia carteri Middle East... 

In addition to the known boswellic acids mentioned above, more than 15 triterpene acids have recently been isolated from olibanum resin. They belong to the lupane (e.g., lupeolic acid), ursane (e.g., 11-keto-P-boswellic acid), oleanane (e.g., 3-a-acetyl-11-keto-a-bosweUic acid), and tirucallane (e.g., 3-0X0- and 3-hydroxy-tirucallic acids) classes of triterpenes. ... 

Other reported activities of olibanum resin and/or bosweUic acids include immnnomod-ulatory, P-glycoprotein inhibition,... 

The final chapter (Chapter 16) shows how PLC can be used to isolate and identify unknown terpenoic compounds from the frankincense resin (olibanum) and to find marker diterpenes. The novel development at low temperamres is included in the PLC methods described. 

The Use of PLC for Isolation and Identification of Unknown Compounds from the Frankincense Resin (Olibanum) Strategies for Finding Marker Substances... 

Olibanum (frankincense) is one of a group known as the oleogum resins (mono-, sesqui-, di-, and triterpenes and mucous substances) that exude from incisions in the bark of the Boswellia trees (fam Burseraceae), the most common species of which are B. carterii (Sudan, Somalia, and Ethiopia) and B. serrata (India), whereas B. frereana (Oman, Somalia) and B. sacra (Arabia) belong to the rare resins on the market. 

Figure 16.4 displays the separation of the resins of B. carterii and B. serrata, their hydrodistillates, and three commercially available olibanum essential oils on a Merck LiChrospher plate in the mobile phase heptane-diethylether-formic acid (7 + 3 + 0.3 v/v/v) without chamber saturation after derivatization with anisaldehyde reagent. 

Common pharmaceutical products of olibanum and salai guggul are tablets prepared from dried extracts of boswellic adds, which are obtained by processes involving treatment of the resins with alkali and acid. The stress involved in this treatment is expected to lead to alteration of some triterpenes as, e.g., the conversion of the unstable 3-(9-acetyl-ll-hydroxy-[3-boswellic acid (compound 12) to the stable compound 3-(9-acetyl-9,ll-dehydro-[3-boswellic acid (compound 13). Two-dimensional TLC is an excellent means of observing this conversion [5]. For verification of this process, the substances have to be isolated by PLC and identified by GC-MS. 

Frankincense, also known as olibanum, is obtained from trees belonging to the genus Boswellia (Burseraceae family). It is one of the best-known ancient plant resins. The ancient Egyptians were the first to use it as incense in embalming practices and in the preparation of medicines, cosmetics and perfumes, and today it is still used therapeutically. It contains pentacyclic triterpenoids belonging to oleanane, ursane or lupane type molecules and in particular of a- and p-boswellic acids, and their O-acetates [104 111], 11 -Oxo-p-boswellic acid and its acetyl derivative, identified in several Boswellia species, are also diagnostic for frankincense [112]. 

The first results encouraged the authors to analyse, by headspace SPME, substances mentioned in ancient texts or hieroglyphics as components of embalming fluids [true resins such as mastic, labdanum and pine resin or pine pitch and gum resins such as olibanum, myrrh and galbanum] [27, 28] with the aim of finding characteristic chemical compounds for each type of resin or gum resin. 

Peak no. Compound Rla Olibanum Myrrh Galba num Labda num Mastic Resin of Pinus pinea Pine pitch Pitch from Fayoum Sample 1485 Sample 1627 Sample 1625... 

Frankincense, also called olibanum, is a natural oleo gum resin that exudes from incisions in the bark of Boswellia trees [46, 47]. Diterpenes like incensole or isoincensole and their oxide or acetate derivatives (see Figure 10.3) are characteristic biomarkers of olibanum [48]. Although diterpenoid hydrocarbons possessing the cembrane skeleton have been isolated from a variety of terrestrial and marine organisms, their occurrence and particularly that of cembrenes A and C (see Figure 10.3) is supplementary proof of the presence of olibanum in a sample. Optimisation of the SPME conditions was done with the aim of trapping these low volatile diterpenes. 

SPME/GC MS in the Characterisation of Terpenic Resins 275 10.3.3 Application to Research on Olibanum [26]... 

A number of important resins are composed of triterpenoids, including the dammar resins which derive from a sub-family of the family Dipterocarpaceae. Dammar resins are fluid, balsamic oleoresins highly suited for caulking and waterproofing. Frankincense (olibanum) is known as a gum-resin collected from various Boswellia spp. and contains amyrin epimers and triterpenoid acids. The gum component is polysaccharide in origin and is water soluble. The Anacardiaceae family contains the genus Pistacia (Mills and White, 1977 21 Mills and White, 1989). 

Extractives of resinous materials by a hydrocarbon type solvent. The extractives are both volatile and non-volatile materials, and the resinous substance used is non-cellular in nature, e.g. Olibanum resinoid. 

Olibanum oil and olibanum resinoid are obtained from frankincense, which is a gum resin collected from the bark of the tree Boswellia carterii Birdw. or B. frereana Birdw. (Burseraceae) growing in Arabia and Somalia. The resinoid is produced by solvent extraction, and steam distillation gives the oil, which is a pale yellow, slightly viscous liquid with a balsamic odor and a faint lemon note. 

Frankincense or olibanum is an aromatic resin that is used as incense. It is the dried milky sap of trees in the genus Boswellia. Myrrh is the dried sap of trees in the genus Commiphora. Both of these genera are in the family Burseraceae, which also includes olives. Myrrh is used in perfumes and as incense. Both frankincense and myrrh were used as trade items, and their most popular uses were as incense at funerals and as additives in wine. 

Boswellia neglecta S. Moore (Boswellia hildebrandtii) Frakincense or Olibanum is an oleo-gum-resin obtained by incision from the bark of B. neglecta. The oleo-gum-resin contains 3-8% of essential oils consisting of... 

Many plants, particularly trees, exude resins when their bark is damaged. Deliberate damage and subsequent collection of the resin is known as tapping. This method is used to collect latex for rubber production and for gum turpentine. It is also used to produce frankincense (also known as olibanum), myrrh and other similar fragrance materials although in these cases there is usually further processing of the resin after collection. 

OCN (oleo gum resin) bible frankincense incense olibanum... 

Bostex 561. See Zinc diethyidithiocarbamate Bostex 580-A. See Sodium silicofluoride Boswellia carterii Boswellia carterii bark extract Boswellia carterii extract. See Olibanum (Boswellia carterii) extract Boswellia carterii gum Boswellia carterii resin. See Olibanum... 

CAS 8050-07-5 EINECS/ELINCS 232-474-1 Synonyms Boswellia carterii gum Boswellia carterii resin Frankincense Frankincense gum Gum olibanum... 

Gum thus Incense Olibanum gum Olibanum gum resin Resin olibanum... 

---