Straits Settlements

The true patchouli is known lu the Straits Settlements as Tilam U angi or Dhelum ujaruji " sweet patchouli "j. A wild paicboull, known as Tilam outan, ia aometimes added to the genuioe patehoull on distillation, but its botanical origin is uncertain. 

In Malaya and British Borneo Chinese ethnie nationalism focussed on China was the only serious political movement until the very last years of the pre-war old order. Arnold Toynbee was profoundly wrong but symptomatic of the times when he declared When I touched at the Straits Settlements on my way out east I realized that British Malaya... 

Winstedt, R. O. 1923. Malaya die Straits Settlements and the Federated and Unfederated Malay States. London Constable. 

Ipecac ( Brazil root ) was long employed by the native people of Brazil in the treatment of diarrhea. It was sold as a secret remedy to the French government in 1658, and its use in dysentery rapidly spread throughout Europe and India. Its employment was entirely empirical until 1912 when Vedder demonstrated the in vitro efficacy of emetine against E. histolytica and suggested that ipecac be used in amebic infections. The source of ipecac is the dried root or rhizome of C. ipecacuanha or C. acuminata, plants native to Brazil and Central America, but also cultivated in India, the Straits Settlements, and the Federated Malay States (see Grollman, 1962). 

Tubipora purpurea, Lamarck. Singapore, Straits Settlements. Latitude... 

Burkill, I.H. A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula Published on behalf of the Governments of the Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States by the crown ents for the colonies London, 1935. 

Logan, Daniel, Esq., Soliciior>General, Penang, Straits Settlements. 

Patchoali oil, distilled from the leaves of Pogostemon patchouli, a herb grown in India and the Straits Settlements. Specific gravity at 15 C., 0 965-0 990 optical rotation, - 4.5" to63" refractive index at 20° C., 1 504-1 511 saponification number, up to 12 sometimes soluble in 0 5 to 1 volume of 90 per cent, alcohol, becoming turbid on further addition. The solubility of the oil in alcohol increases with age. The oil consists to the extent of 97 per cent, of patchouliol and cadinene, which have little influence on its odour, and the bodies responsible for its persistent and characteristic odour have not yet been isolated. 

Straits Settlements and Dependencies Ceylon and Dependencies Australia—... 

Distillation of the leaves in the Straits Settlements is carried out in stills with htlse-bottom cylinders, usually with steam at a pressure of about 1 3 atmospheres, when a yield of about 1 5 per cent, is obtained. By using higher pressure a larger yield of oil results, but the quality is inferior. By very prolonged distillation up to 2 6 per cent, has been obtained in the native distilleries, but in Europe, where most of the leaves are distilled for perfumery purposes, a yield of 4 per cent, is obtained from the true patchouli leaves, and of about 1 to 1 5 per cent, from the Java leaves. There appears to be no doubt that the question of fermentation of the leaves has an important bearing on the yield of oil. 

The clove also flourishes in the Straits Settlements. Many years-ago it was introduced into Penang and cultivated by European planters and wealthy Chinese settlers. Penang cloves have a high reputation for quality, but the Eastern consumption is so great that not a great deal of the spice finds its way on to the European market. 

The true patehouJl is known m the Straits Settlements as TUam Acangi or Dheium icangi ( sweet patchouli A wild patchouli, known as Tilam outan, is sometimes added to the genuine patchouli on distillation, but ils botanical origin is uncertain-... 

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