Bone morphogenetic factor

Bone morphogenetic factors (DPP in Drosophila) Regulation of development Gastrulation Neurogenesis Chondrogenesis Development of eyes and wings and dorsalization in Drosophila... 

In spite of considerable research no particular chemical structures have been found to have a clear-cut epitactic function for the nucleation of biological apatite crystals. A bone morphogenetic factor has been postulated but, although active extracts have been prepared from cultures of mineralizing bone, no specific substance has yet been isolated. 

Bone formation and resorption are influenced by several protein factors. For example, IGF-I stimulates formation of bone, but EGF promotes breakdown.256 Additional bone-derived growth factors and morphogenetic factors also have been described.256 257 A cartilage-inducing factor has been identified as TGF-p.258... 

Growth factors lnductOS /Dibotermin a Bone morphogenetic protein-2 Tibia fracture, spinal surgery... 

G5 BMP-12R Brachyury CBF membrane ganglioside related to pericytes identification receptor to bone morphogenetic protein isoform 12 transcription factor related to embryo mesoderm determination core-binding factor protein family involved in cell differentiation... 

Implicated in induction and differentiation of cartilaginous tissues during development are a number of growth factors and cytokines, including the TGF-P superfamily. Those implicated include bone morphogenetic protein subfamilies, fibroblast growth factor family, insulinlike growth factor family,... 

Transforming growth factor (3 (TGF(3) (that suppresses cell proliferation), the related develop-mentally important activins (involved in mesoderm induction) and bone morphogenetic proteins (involved in bone formation) act via PM-located transmembrane receptors that are Ser/Thr-specific PKs. Thus, TGF(3 binds to the extracellular domain of a specific TGF(3 receptor with the successive consequences of activation of the receptor Ser/Thr-specific PK activity, phosphorylation of a protein Mad to yield P-Mad and downstream consequences resulting in developmentally important specific gene expression. Thus, dorso-ventral differentiation in Xenopus embryos involves Mad-like proteins and a Mad-like gene is a tumour suppressor gene. 

Fig. 6.5 Signalling through SMAD proteins. Receptor complexes, formed with transforming growth factor.p (TGF-p) and related factors, activins, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), consist of two serine/threonine receptor kinases, the type II and type I receptors. Binding of the ligand results In autophosphorylation of type I receptors. The activated type I receptors in turn phosphoryiate and activate R-SMADs SMADs 1,...

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