Tibia Fractures

Delgado, E.R. (1958) Sarcoma following a surgically treated fractured tibia A case report. Clin. Orthop. 12, 315-318. 

McDonald, I. (1981) Malignant lymphoma associated with internal fixation of a fractured tibia. Cancer 48, 1009-1011. 

Stress or fatigue fractures are very painful. Most often symptoms occur after athletic activity or physical exertion. Gradually pain worsens and becomes more constant. Stress fractures do not show up on standard x-rays. A bone scan maybe used to confirm the diagnosis. Stress fractures usually occur in the weight-bearing bones of the lower leg and foot. Stress fractures of the tibia account for half of all stress fractures, resulting mostly from athletic activity. These stress fractures are often mistaken for shin splints. In addition to the tibia, the fibula and other small bones of the foot are prone to stress fractures. 

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved several electrical bone growth stimulators, primarily for fractures at the middle of long bones, such as a tibia (shinbone) that has not healed in at least nine months. Also, the mechanisms of healing may not be understood completely manufacturers studies have shown that the device did, in fact, affect cellular processes. 

TGF consists of a family of growth factors employed in the treatment of bone fractures and skin ulcers. TGF molecules of type 3 exist in the form of homodimers of 112 amino acids. Two members of this family have their recombinant form approved for treating tibia fractures (Osigraft and InductOs ), being produced in mammalian cells (Table 16.1). 

Growth factors lnductOS /Dibotermin a Bone morphogenetic protein-2 Tibia fracture, spinal surgery... 

Osigraft /Eptotermin a Bone morphogenetic protein Tibia fracture... 

Bone graft/Cage (rBMP with metal cage) Infuse Bone Graft/LT-Cage (Medtronic/Wyeth) Low back pain from spinal disc degen tibia shaft fracture... 

Very active researches concern this family of drug targets in the fields of cancer, angiogenesis and bone therapy. Dibotermin alfa (rhBMP2), a recombinant form of BMP is accepted for the treatment of acute tibia fractures in adults, as an adjunct to standard care using open fracture reduction and intramedullary nail fixation in patients in whom there is a substantial risk of non-union. Three platforms of TGF-(3... 

Contiguous Older than 50 Femur, tibia, mandible Hip fractures, open fractures... 

WIO. Wendeberg, B., Mineral studies of fractures of the tibia in man studied with external countingof Sr . Acta Orthopaed. Scand. Suppl. 62, 1-79 (1967). 

Inductos (dibotermin-a rBone morphogenic protein-2 produced in CHO cells) Genetics Institute treatment of acute tibia fractures 2002 (EU)... 

In 1945, a new antibiotic was reported it was produced by a grampositive sporulating bacillus of the B. subtilis group and isolated from cultures of contaminated tissue removed from a fracture of the tibia. This strain was named after the patient Tracey I and the active principle in the cell-free filtrates of broth cultures was therefore called Bacitracin . The antibiotic was first produced in surface cultures Ass a d later by submerged cultures in synthetic media A94. Later the organism was classified as a strain of B. licheniformis. In 1949 another antibiotic from a strain of B. licheniformis, originally called A-5, was described under the name ayfivin A6 . It soon became apparent that bacitracin and ayfivin were closely related in their physical, chemical and biological properties " . The name ayfivin was therefore abandoned in favour of bacitracin . 

Because raloxifene only reduces the risk of vertebral fracture, there is a need to identify agents that are effective at multiple skeletal sites with minimal side effects. The novel SERM HMR-3339 improves bone mineral density in adult ovariectomized rats at a variety of skeletal sites (e.g., lumbar spine, tibia, and femur), including those sites composed of cortical bone (118,119). An additional benefit afforded by HMR-3339 is a reduction in total... 

InductOs (recombinant bone Bone (tibia) fractures Genetics institute... 

Yeni, Y. N., Brown, C. U., and Norman, T. L. (1998), Influence of bone composition and apparent density on fracture toughness of the human femur and tibia. Bone 22(l) 79-84. 

Kerimoglu S, Livaoglu M, Sonmez B. Effects of human amniotic fluid on fracture healing in rat tibia. J Surg Res 2009 152 218-87. 

The purpose of the chapter is to describe the operative technique of cancellous bone harvesting from proximal tibia for filling the bone cavities in the orofacial region on the basis of literature review and own experience. The chapter includes step-by-step description of the operative technique, postoperative care and early rehabilitation. Possible complications at the donor site, such as fractures due to the weakening of the tibia, donor site morbidity, the necessary period of postoperative hospital stay and mean volume of cancellous bone obtained are also described. 

It is essential to consider data from the interview selecting a limb to harvest cancellous bone (lack of previous fractures), as well as the results of radiological examination (lack of recognized changes of radiological image of the proximal tibia). In the situation when both limbs can be good donor sites, a patient s preferences should be taken into account. 

Thor, A. Faizad, R Larsson, S. Fracture of the tibia Complication of bone grafting to the anterior maxilla. Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., 2006,44,46 8. 

Goldman AB, Pavlov H, Rubenstein D (1988) The Segond fracture of the proximal tibia a small avulsion that reflects major ligamentous damage. AJR Am J Roentgenol 151 (6) 1163-1167. doi 10.2214/ajr.l51.6.1163... 

Avulsion fracture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a fracmre of the tibial attachment site of the ACL, which is pulled out, rather than a tear in the substance of the ACL. It is also called an intercondylar eminence fracture of the tibia, tibial eminence fracture, tibial eminentia fracture, or tibial spine fracmre. Although a previous report suggested that ACL fibers could become elongated and damaged when avulsion fractures occur [1], the ACL substance is well preserved in most cases. Avulsion fractures of the ACL are seen in pediatric patients and infrequently in adult patients. Patients manifest symptoms similar to those of patients with ACL tears. Inadequate treatment can result in pain, range of motion limitation, and joint... 

Patients with avulsion fracture of the ACL usually exhibit swelling and hemarthrosis. Manual tests for detecting ACL injuries, such as the Lachman test and pivot shift test, can be positive. The Lachman test shows an unclear end point, as is usual with ACL injury, and the examiner will feel an increased anteroposterior translation of the tibia during the test. The pivot shift test may be difficult to perform because of pain in the acute phase. 

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