Bone marrow analysis

Friedenstein, A.J., Petrakova, K.V., Kurolesova, A.I., Frolova, G.P. Heterotopic of bone marrow. Analysis of precursor cells for osteogenic and hematopoietic tissues. Transplantation 6, 230-247 (1968)... 

Iscove NN, Sieher F, Winterhalter KH. Erythroid colony formation in cultures of mouse and human bone marrow analysis of the requirement for erythropoietin by gel filtration and affinity chromatography on agarose-concanavalin A. J Cell Physiol. 1974 83 309-320. 

Only a few representative applications have been cited above. In addition it may be said that flow cytometry finds numerous applications in the field of cell differentiation, immunology, parasitology, sperm analysis, food science, pharmacology and toxicology, cancer oiology and carcinogenesis, bone marrow analysis, tissue typing and lymphocyte applications, T-cell subset analysis. 

Metaphase analysis or microiuidc-us assay in rodent bone marrow... 

For all newly diagnosed patients with leukemia, an aspirate of the liquid marrow and a bone marrow core biopsy are obtained.5 Morphologic and cytochemical analysis of these samples distinguishes three subtypes of ALL (LI, L2, and L3) and eight subtypes of AML (M0-M7) as classified by the French-American-British (FAB) scheme. See Tables 92-2 and 92-3 for the FAB classification of acute myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia. 

Anonymous. Allogeneic peripheral blood stem-cell compared with bone marrow transplantation in the management of hematologic malignancies An individual patient data meta-analysis of nine randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 2005 23 5074-5087. 

Granulocyte differentiation acute promyelocytic leukemia PBMCs (in vivo) Cultured bone marrow mononuclear cells (in vitro) All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) Promoter analysis of ATRA response genes suggest molecular mechanism underlying ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation [30]... 

Rats and mice are generally used for in vivo studies, with the mouse being employed for bone marrow micronucleus analysis and the rat for metaphase analysis, but both can be used for either. Mice are cheaper and easier to handle than rats, and only a qualitative difference in response has been found between the species (Albanese et al., 1987). Chinese hamsters are also widely used for metaphase analysis because of their low diploid chromosome number of 22. However, there are few other historical toxicological data for this species. 

Metaphase Analysis. Metaphase analysis can be performed in any tissue with actively dividing cells, but bone marrow is the tissue most often examined. Cells are treated with a test compound and are arrested in metaphase by the administration of colcemid or colchicine at various sampling times after treatment. Preparations are examined for structural chromosome damage. Because the bone marrow has a good blood supply, the cells should be exposed to the test compound or its metabolites in the peripheral blood supply. Additionally, these cells are sensitive to S-dependent and S-independent mutagens (Topham et al., 1983). 

OECD (1983). OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. No. 475. Genetic toxicology in vivo mammalian bone marrow cytogenetic test chromosomal analysis. Adopted 4 April 1984. 

Fig. 17. Principle of separation of IMCL and EMCL signal contributions by deconvolution and analysis of the field distribution, (a) Right cut-off spectrum out of the SOL muscle. Left MFD of the lipids calculated by deconvolution with aid of a reference lipid spectrum out of yellow tibial bone marrow, (b) Left fitted IMCL part of the MFD. Right corresponding convolution with the characteristic lipid pattern A. (c) Left resulting EMCL part of the MFD. Right corresponding convolution with the characteristic lipid pattern A. (d) Left residual of fitting the MFD.

Studies performed at RCRM have shown that hematopoietic and immune systems reconstitution after irradiation depends greatly on the functional abilities of the stem cells. Subset analysis and expression of CD34-i- antigens on bone marrow and peripheral blood cells were studied in Chernobyl accident clean-up workers including patients with leukemia and myelodysplasia and patients exposed to the natural levels of irradiation (table 2). 

Theunissen, K. Verfaillie, C.M. (2005) A multifactorial analysis of umbilical cord blood, adult bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood progenitors using the improved ML IC assay. Experimental Hematology, 33,165-172. 

One patient in the matched group, who died on the day after bone marrow transplantation, was excluded from the acute GvHD analysis. For chronic GvHD, 128 patients were evaluable in the matched and 37 patients in the mismatched group. 

The test is used for the detection of cytogenetic damage to the chromosomes or the mitotic apparatus of erythroblasts by analysis of erythrocytes for formation of micronuclei (small nuclei, separate from and additional to the main nuclei of cells, produced during the telophase of mitosis (meiosis) by lagging chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes). When a bone marrow erythroblast develops into a polychromatic erythrocyte (immature erythrocyte), the main nucleus is extruded any micronucleus that has been formed may remain behind in the otherwise anucleated cytoplasm. 

Hamsters and rats were exposed to an average concentration of 817 and 820 ppm, respectively, for 4 days. In both animal species, there were distinct signs of toxicity 4 of 10 hamsters died during the exposure. Chromosome analysis of bone marrow cells after the exposure indicated no damaging effects. 

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