Bone marrow mononuclear cells

In 1995, Nagata et al. [16] identified a point mutation consisting of a substitution of valine for aspartic acid in the catalytic domain of c-kit (D816V) in the peripheral blood of patients with mastocytosis and predominately myelodysplastic features. Subsequently, the same mutation was identified in adult patients with different forms of mastocytosis in tissues where mast cells are abundant, such as bone marrow, skin and spleen [17]. It is now believed that more than 90% of adults with mastocytosis have the D816V mutation, if bone marrow mononuclear cells are examined [17]. In a subset of patients, primarily those with more severe disease, the clone expands sufficiently to be detected in peripheral blood [16]. 

Granulocyte differentiation acute promyelocytic leukemia PBMCs (in vivo) Cultured bone marrow mononuclear cells (in vitro) All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) Promoter analysis of ATRA response genes suggest molecular mechanism underlying ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation [30]... 

Newer strategies for stem cell identification have been developed based on the knowledge of cell functions. A primitive and multipotential subpopulation of bone marrow mononuclear cells has been identified on the basis of the intracellular presence of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Those cells can be marked on the basis of the presence of ALDH and are called aldehyde dehydrogenase-bright cells (ALDH cells), allowing for their separation from a bone marrow aspiration mononuclear subpopulation under fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. 

Table 7.6 Correlation of bone marrow mononuclear cell subpopulations and reduction in total reversible perfusion defects...

Tse HF, Kwong YL, Chan JK, Lo G, Ho CL, Lau CP. Angiogenesis in ischaemic myocardium by intramyocardial autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell implantation. Lancet 2003 361 47-A9. 

Dohmann HF, Perin EC, Takiya CM, Silva GV, Silva SA, Sousa AL, Mesquita CT, Rossi MI, Pascarelli BM, Assis IM, Dutra HS, Assad JA, Castello-Branco RV, Drummond C, Dohmann HJ, Willerson JT, Borojevic R. Transendocardial autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell injection in ischemic heart failure postmortem anatomicopathologic and immunohistochemical findings. Circulation 2005 112 521-526. 

Thompson et al. (30) Rabbit Cryoinjury Skeletal myoblasts vs. bone marrow mononuclear cells No difference between SKMB and mononuclear bone marrow stem cells regarding LV function... 

Abbreviations BM-MNC, bone marrow mononuclear cell CABO, coronary artery bypass grafting CPC, circulating progenitor cells LV. left ventricle LVED. left ventricular end-diastolic diameter LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction NYHA, New York Heart Association SKMB, skeletal myoblast. 

Table 4 A summary of clinical data with bone marrow mononuclear cells... 

Abbreviations AMI. acute myocardial infarction BM-MNC. bone marrow mononuclear cell LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction SEM. standard error of mean TOPCARE-AMI, transplantation of progenitor cells and regeneration enhancement in acute myocardial infarction MX. mesenchymal stem cell. 

Perin EC, Dohmann Hp Borojevic R, et al, Improved exercise capacity and ischemia 6 and 12 months after transendocardial injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells for ischemic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2004 I 10 11213-11218. 

Higashi Y, Kimura M, Hara K, et al. Autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cell implantation improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with limb ischemia. Circulation 2004 109 1215-1218. 

Kamihata H, Matsubara H, Nishiue T, et al. Implantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells into ischemic myocardium enhances collateral perfusion and regional function via side supply of angioblasts, angiogenic ligands, and cytokines, Circulation 2001 104(9) 1046-1052. 

Kamihata, H., Matsubara, H., Nishiue, T., Fujiyama, S., Tsutsumi, Y., Ozono, R., Masaki, H., Mori, Y., Iba, O., Tateishi, E., Kosaki, A., Shintani, S., Murohara, T., Imaizumi, T., and Iwasaka, T. 2001. Implantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells into ischemic myocardium enhances collateral perfusion and regional function via side supply of angioblasts, angiogenic ligands, and cytokines. Circulation 4 1046-1052. 

Carbonnelle et al. (1995) looked at the effect of hydroquinone on IL-1 release from human monocytes in vitro. Exposure of human monocytes to micromolar amounts of hydroquinone for 2 hours resulted in significantly decreased secretion of IL-1 a and IL-ip at doses of 5 pM and above. RNA and protein synthesis were also inhibited, with a 50% inhibitory concentration at 21 pM for IL-1 a and 10 pM for IL-1 p. Bone marrow mononuclear cells or purified hematopoietic progenitor cells were incubated with 30 pM hydroquinone alone or in the presence of IL-1 p or tumor necrosis factor, and the colony-forming ability of the cells (CFU-C) was evaluated (Colinas et al. 1995). Hydroquinone alone reduced CFU-C frequencies by approximately 60% for both bone marrow mononuclear cells and purified hematopoietic progenitor cells. Neither IL-ip or tumor necrosis factor protected the bone marrow mononuclear cells... 

The power of these stem cell treatments was further corroborated by a study that explored if such medical interventions could promote amputation-free survival, a metric not previously reported on in prior studies. Murphy et al recruited 29 patients with CLI, injected autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells, and conducted, at the time, some of the most thorough endpoint measurements that had been reported in the literature [40]. Most importantly, the... 

Durdu, S., Akar, A.R., Aral, M., Sancak, T., Eren, N.T., Ozyurda, U. Autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cell implantation for patients with rutherford grade ii-iii thromboangiitis obliterans. J. Vase. Surg. 44, 732-739 (2006)... 

Walter, D.H., Krankenberg, H., Balzer, J.O., Kalka, C., Baumgartner, I., Schluter, M., Tonn, T., Seeger, F., Dimmeler, S., Lindhoff-Last, E., Zeiher, A.M., Investigators, P. Intraarterial administration of bone marrow mononuclear cells in patients with critical limb ischemia A randomized-start, placeho-controUed pilot trial (provasa). Circulation. Cardiovascular Interventions 4, 26-37 (2011)... 

Perin, E.C., Dohmann, H.F., Borojevic, R., SUva, S.A., Sousa, A.L., Silva, G.V., et al. Improved exercise capacity and ischemia 6 and 12 months after transendocardial injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells for ischemic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 110(11 Suppl. 1), II213-II218 (2004). doi 10.1161/01.CIR.0000138398. 77550.62... 

Figure 4 Systems based on self-assembled PA. (A) Chemical structure showing different regions of the PA molecule drawn using ChemSketch. (B) Cross-sections of PA nanofiber formed from PA molecule. (C) (a) Model showing individual PA molecules assembled into a bundle of fibers interwoven to produce IKVAV PA. (b) Scanning electron micrograph of IKVAV PA nanofiba- network formed by adding cell culture media to the PA aqueous solutions. (D) (a) Bone-marrow mononuclear cells grown on RODS PA. (b) Nenral progenitor cells encapsulated in an IKVAV PA. (c) TEM image of a cell entrapped in PA nanofibers (Adapted from Ref. 53. American Chemical Society, 2006, from Ref. 54. Wiley Periodicals, Inc, 2010 and from Refs. 55 and 56. Elsevier, 2005 and 2010.)...

Traverse JH, Henry TD, Pepine CJ, et al. Effect of the use and timing of bone marrow mononuclear cell delivery on left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction the time randomized trial. JAMA 2012 308 2380-9. 

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