Bleaching lithium hypochlorite

Lithium hypochlorite is used in I I laundry detergents and I I dry laundry bleaches. Like sodium hypochlorite, it does not precipitate soaps and other anionic detergents. However, lithium hypochlorite is an expensive source of available chlorine and not much is used for bleaching. Its principal use is as a shocking agent for swimming pool disinfection. 

Calcium hypochlorite is the principal commercial soHd hypochlorite it is produced on a large scale and marketed as a 65—70% product containing sodium chloride and water as the main diluents. A product with a significantly higher available chlorine, av CI2, (75—80%) has been introduced by Olin. Calcium hypochlorite is also manufactured to a smaller extent as a hemibasic compound (- 60% av Cl ) and to a lesser extent in the form of bleaching powder (- 35% av CI2). Lithium hypochlorite is produced on a small scale and is sold as a 35% assay product for specialty appHcations. Small amounts of NaOCl ate employed in the manufacture of crystalline chlorinated ttisodium phosphate [56802-99-4]. 

Applications. Lithium hypochlorite, first introduced in 1964, has limited use in swimming pool and spa sanitation and dry laundry bleaches. 

Golorfastness to Bleaching. In fastness to hypochlorite bleachiag, ISO 10S-N01, the specimen is agitated ia a solution of sodium, calcium, or lithium hypochlorite containing 2 g/L available chlorine buffered to pH 11.0 with sodium carbonate for 1 h at 20°C and 50 1 Hquor-to-goods ratio. The specimen is tinsed ia water, hydrogen peroxide, or sodium bisulfite solution to remove free chlorine, dried, and assessed. 

Othei hypochlorites include calcium hypochlorite, bleach liquor, bleaching powder and tropical bleach, dibasic magnesium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, chlorinated tnsodium phosphate, and hypochlorous acid. 

Lithium-base greases, especially the stearate, are efficient over an extremely wide temperature range up to 160°C. Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is a component of the electrolyte in alkaline storage batteries and is employed in the removal of carbon dioxide in submarines and space capsules. Lithium bromide (LiBr) brine is used for air conditioning and dehumidification. Lithium hypochlorite (LiOCl) is a dry bleach used in commercial and home laundries. Lithium chloride (LiCl) is in demand for low-temperature batteries and for aluminum brazing. Other uses of lithium compounds include catalysts, glass manufacture, and, of course, nuclear energy. 

Caswell No. 528A CCRIS 4023 EINECS 237-558-1 EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 014702 Hypochlorous acid, lithium salt HyPure L Lithium chloride oxide Lithium hypochlorite Lithium oxychloride UN1471, Laundry bleach, swimming pool chlorination. PMC Corp. Olin Corp. 

While there are many chemicals in use, the term bleach syn. bleach solution commonly means a hypochlorite, principally sodium hypochlorite, a common household bleach, but also calcium, magnesium, and lithium hypochlorites. Bleach liquor is a solution of calcium hypochlorite and calcium chloride commonly used to bleach paper pulp. Hypochlorite solutions are alkaline, only remaining stable above the pH of 11. 

Isocyanuric acid Sodium borate Sodium borate decahydrate Zinc dust bleaches, laundry Lithium hypochlorite bleaching agent... 

The capacity for lithium hypochlorite with 37-39% available chlorine is -3,6501 in the United States.5 More than 80% is used to sanitize swimming pools and hot tubs. The rest is used in dry institutional laundry bleaches. 

Ellestad, R.B., Lithium hypochlorite bleaches, Soap and Chem. Specialties, 37, 77, 1961. 

Miscellaneous. Both whiting and hydrated lime are used as diluents and carriers of pesticides, such as lime—sulfur sprays, Bordeaux, calcium arsenate, etc. The most widely used bleach and sterilizer, high test calcium hypochlorite, is made by interacting lime and chlorine (see Bleaching AGENTS). Calcium and magnesium salts, such as dicalcium phosphate, magnesium chloride, lithium salts, etc, are made directly from calcific and dolomitic lime and limestone. 

Silver perchlorate forms deliquescent crystals, which decompose when heated to 486 Celsius. It is freely soluble in water saturated solution contains 85% by weight silver perchlorate making it one of the most water soluble compounds known lithium perchlorate being number 1. It is also soluble in aniline, pyridine, benzene, nitromethane, glycerol, and chlorobenzene. It can form solvated crystals with aniline, benzene, and toluene all explode on percussion. Silver perchlorate forms a hydrate, which melts at 43 Celsius. It can be made by reacting sodium hypochlorite (bleach) with silver bromide. 

Used for swimming pool chlorination, and as a laundry bleach. See also LITHIUM COMPOUNDS and HYPOCHLORITES. 

The distillation flask is cooled to room temperature and thoroughly flushed with nitrogen. The excess lithium hydro-aliuninate is decomposed by careful drop-by-drop addition of water to the stirred and cooled reaction mixture until hydrogen evolution ceases. The mixture is then diluted with 500 ml. of water, and the residual traces of dimethylphosphine are destroyed by addition of sodium hypochlorite solution. (A commercial bleaching agent such as Clorox is satisfactory.)... 

HyPure. [Olin] Chloric and hypochlor-ous acid, lithium, potassium, or sodium hypochlorites for bleaching, organic synthesis, water treatment, hard surface cleaners. 

Lass-0 Bleach. See Sodium hypochlorite Lastaron 891. See Sodium polyacrylate LATB. See Lithium aluminum tri-t-butoxyhydride... 

Hypochlorites of sodium, calcium, and lithium, and chlorinated trisodium phosphate involve chlorine in their production. Sodium hypochlorite of about 5% strength finds extensive use in the household bleach market and in residential swimming pools, and 15% sodium hypochlorite, an industrial bleach, is used for water treatment in municipal and industrial plants. Sodium hypochlorite is made by reacting chlorine with caustic soda. Calcium hypochlorite is mainly used as a swimming pool chemical. Aluminum chloride, produced from chlorine and aluminum or alumina, is used as a catalyst (for alkyl and ethyl benzenes, dyestuffs, ethyl chloride, and hydrocarbon resin production) and also in the production of pharmaceuticals and titanium dioxide. 

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