Black tongue

Pella r, Nia.cin Deficiency. It was 220 years after the first description of pellagra that nicotinic acid was discovered to be the cure for black tongue in dogs (14), a condition suggested by a veterinarian in North Carolina to be similar to human pellagra (15). 

Vanadium Pollution control, e.g. removal of hydrogen sulphide and in manufacture of sulphuric acid Respiratory irritation green-black tongue (transient)... 

Gl Nausea and vomiting anorexia epigastric distress diarrhea flatulence dysphagia increased salivation stomatitis glossitis parotid swelling abdominal cramps pancreatitis black tongue. 

The compound is toxic hy ingestion, inhalation, and contact. Inhalation can cause asthma, cough, dyspnea, and bronchial constriction. Ingestion can cause gastrointestinal tract disturbances. Other toxic symptoms are skin pallor, greenish-black tongue, and papular skin rash (Lewis, R. J. (Sr) 1996. Sax s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 9 ed. New York Van Nostrand Reinhold). 

An excellent and succinct overview is available in Kumaravel Rajakumar, Pellagra in the United States A Historical Perspective, Southern Medical Journal 93 (2000) 272-277. The identification of niacin as the specific pellagra-preventing factor was first reported in Conrad Arnold Elvehjem, The Isolation and Identification of the Anti-Black Tongue Factor, Journal of Biological Chemistry 123 (1938) 137-149. 

A black tongue was reportedly caused by exogenous pigment in chewable bismuth subsahcylate tablets. 

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea have all been reported in patients taking metronidazole (14). The use of a large single dose most commonly leads to these complaints. A metallic taste also seems to be quite common (14), as is the occurrence of a black tongue (SEDA-13, 832) (15). 

Larrey D +, Gastroenterology 94, 200 Stomatopyrosis Tongue black Tongue edema Xerostomia (> 10%)... 

Glossodynia Oral candidiasis Stomatitis Stomatodynia Tongue black Tongue furry Xerostomia... 

Gingivitis Glossitis Sialorrhea Stomatitis Tongue black Tongue ulceration Xerostomia (84%)... 

Human Toxicity Reported to be a respiratory irritant and to cause skin pallor, greenish-black tongue, chest pain, cough, dyspnea, palpitation, lung changes. When ingested, causes G.l. disturbances. May also cause a papular skin rash Zenz et al.. Arch. Environ. Health 5, S42 (1962) E. Browning, Toxicity of Industrial Metals (Appleton -Century-Crofts, New York, 2nd ed.. 1969) pp 340-347. 

Differentiation of the anti-black tongue and the P-P-factors from lactoflavin and vitamin Be (so called rat pellagra factor). Biochem. J. 29, 2830 (1935). 

Relation of nicotinic acid and nicotinic acid amide to canine black tongue. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 59, 1767 (1937). 

See also Proton pump inhibitors + Penicillins , below, for information on case reports of glossitis, stomatitis and a black tongue with lansoprazole and antibacterial regimens including clarithromycin. 

Esomeprazole, lansoprazole and omeprazole do not alter the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin, and omeprazole does not alter bacampicillin bioavailability. Isolated reports describe glossitis, stomatitis and/or black tongue in a small number of patients when treated with lansoprazole and antibacterials, which included amoxicillin, clarithromycin and metronidazole. 

It was explained above how an antipellagra factor was included in the vitamin B2 complex. However, it was demonstrated that vitamin B2 (riboflavin), isolated from the vitamin B2 complex, did not show antipellagra activity in rats. As a result, the antipellagra factor separated from the vitamin B2 complex was called vitamin Bg [5]. Consequently, the factor that cures human pellagra is clearly different from this vitamin Bg. Thus, as the cure factors for black tongue disease of the dog, which resembles human pellagra, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide were isolated. 

UnezoUd for 1 week for discitis there was complete resolution within 7 days of withdrawal [90 ]. Black tongue has been reported in 1-3% of subjects taking linezoUd and it may be related to altered oral flora. 

Jover-Diaz F, Cuadrado-Pastor JM, Talents-Bolos A, Martin-Gonzalez C. Black tongue associated with linezolid. Am J Ther 2010 17(4) ell5-7. 

Woolley, D.W., Elvehjem, C.A., Madden, R.J., Strong, F.M. Anti-black tongue activity of various pyridine derivatives. J. biol. Chem. 124,715-723 (1938)... 

Its previous discovery in yeast, as well as its presence in heart muscle extracts, emphasized the metaboUc significance of nicotinamide. The emergence of nicotinic acid or nicotinamide as a nutritional essential came from the demonstration by Elvehjem et al. that black tongue in dogs could be cured and prevented by its addition to the deficient diet. Simultaneously, FoutS et alJ, Smith et al. and Spies et al. reported the successful treatment of pellagra in human subjects. Its universal occurrence in living tissue and its fundamental role in cellular respiration are now well estabhshedi . 

Prevention of scurvy multiple roles in optimizing health and resistance to infectious diseases numerous functions proposed Folate coenzymes participate in one-carbon transfer reactions in cellular metabolism Prevention of pellagra in humans and black tongue in dogs metabolic functions of nicotinamide coenzymes... 

Mouth Black tongue has been associated with bismuth compounds, and has again been reported, this time in a 55-year-old... 

Cohen PR. Black tongue secondary to bismuth subsalicylate case report and review of exogenous causes of macular lingual pigmentation. J Drugs Dermatol 2009 8 1132-5. 

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