Black populations, incidence

The low incidence of ischemic heart disease in the black population of Africa may mitigate the seriousness of the consequence of the metabolic effects of thiazide diuretics, for example hyperlipidemia and hypo-kalemia. 

Wolfe CDA (2000). The impact of stroke. British Medical Bulletin 56 275-286 Wohe CD, Corbin DO, Smeeton NC et al. (2006a). Estimation of the risk of stroke in black populations in Barbados and South London. Stroke 37 1986-1990 Wohe CD, Corbin DO, Smeeton NC et al. (2006b). Poststroke survival for black-Caribbean populations in Barbados and South London. Stroke 37 1991-1996 Woo D, Gehel J, Miller R et al. (1999). Incidence rates of first-ever ischemic stroke subtypes among blacks a population-based study. Stroke 30 2517-2522... 

United States and 6.7 million worldwide will have bilateral blindness as a result. The prevalence rate varies with age, race, diagnostic criteria, and other factors. In the United States, open-angle glaucoma occurs in 1.5% of the population over 30 years of age, 1.3% of whites and 3.5% of blacks. The incidence of open-angle glaucoma increases with increasing age. The incidence of the disease in patients 80 years of age is 3% in whites and 5% to 8% in blacks. 

The incidence of sickle cell anemia among blacks is 1 in 400. Calculate the frequency of heterozygotes for sickle cell gene, encoding Pj-globin, in this population. 

Recombinant DNase preparations have been used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) since the end of 1993. This genetic disorder is common, particularly in ethnic groups of northern European extraction, where the frequency of occurrence can be as high as 1 in 2500 live births. A higher than average incidence has also been recorded in southern Europe, as well as in some Jewish populations and American blacks. 

Iron Overload. An inborn error of metabolism leads to the absorption of excess iron from a normal diet. Hereditary henuiclimmiiunh is found mainly within the w hite population. Black people who live in sub-Saharan Africa, however, show a high incidence of this disorder. At one time, this was attributed to the high content of iron in a home-hrewed beer. Recent studies show that it is a combination of a high-iron diet and hereditary disposition... 

Racially, white patients account for 61% of all drug-related hospital visits in the United States, followed by black (26%) and Hispanics (11%). With the exception of rohypnol, the 69-80% of all club drug incidents recorded by Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) involve white, non-Hispanic patients—a fairly typical reflection of the U.S. population. A far larger share (56%) of rohypnol mentions are attributed to Hispanic patients, but this may have to do with the small sample size available to researchers. 

Tunstall-Pedoe H, Kuulasmaa K, Amouyel P et al. (1994). Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organization MONICA Project. Registration procedures, event rates and case-fatality rates in 38 populations from 21 countries in four continents. Circulation 90 583-612 Wald NJ, Law MR (2003). A strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 80%. British Medical Journal 326 1419 White H, Boden-Albala B, Wang C et al. (2005). Ischemic stroke subtype incidence among whites, blacks and Hispanics the Northern Manhattan Study. Circulation 111 1327-1331 Wityk RJ, Pessin MS, Kaplan RF et al. (1994). Serial assessment of acute stroke using the NIH Stroke Scale. Stroke 25 362-365. 

The Barbados Eye Study (Leske et al., 1997) over 4 years shov ed a 5 times higher incidence of developing glaucoma in a group of black ocular hypertensives as compared with a predominantly white population. Some population studies have found the mean lOP in blacks to be higher than Caucasian controls. Other studies (e.g., Tielsch et al., 1991) found no difference. Consequently, further studies are required to clarify this issue. 

Benzidine can cause cancer in humans. This has been shown in studies of workers who were exposed for many years to levels much higher than the general population would be. An lARC study on dye industry workers reported that there is a direct correlation between the incidence of bladder cancer in the occupationally benzidine-exposed workers and the incidence of this cancer decreasing in workers after reduction in occupational exposure. Some evidences indicate that dyes made from benzidine, such as Direct Blue 6, Direct Black 38, and Direct Brown 95 may cause cancer in humans. Benzidine poisoning... 

The homozygous forms, AA or FF, are found in 0.3% to 0.5% of the Caucasian population their incidence among blacks is even lower. Inheritance of increased CHE activity has also been reported in a few families. This is apparently due to increased production of the usual allelozyme. 

---