Black population

Grimes PE, Hunt SG (1993) Considerations for cosmetic surgery in the black population. Clin Plast Surg 20 27-34... 

Goldstein, J. A., Ishizaki, T. etal. (1997). Frequencies ofthe defective CYP2C19 alleles responsible for the mephenytoin poor metabolizer phenotype in various Oriental, Caucasian, Saudi Arabian and American black populations. Pharmacogenetics, 7(1), 59-64. 

The low incidence of ischemic heart disease in the black population of Africa may mitigate the seriousness of the consequence of the metabolic effects of thiazide diuretics, for example hyperlipidemia and hypo-kalemia. 

Seedat YK. Acute renal failure in the black population of South Africa. Int J Artif Organs 1993 16 801-2. 

Clearly this would mean that substrates for this enzyme could be more poorly metabolized in individuals with the mutant enzyme. The mutant was not found in the Taiwanese or black populations, which were also studied. 

Primary ICH is responsible for 10%—15% of all cases of stroke in Western populations and for 20%-30% of strokes among Asian and Black populations (Qureshi et al. 2001). An ICH typically presents with the sudden onset of a focal neurological deficit, which rapidly progresses over minutes to hours. Headache, nausea, vomiting, elevated blood pressure and decreased level of consciousness are more frequently associated with ICH than with ischemic stroke but are by no means pathognomonic. Imaging is therefore mandatory for a proper diagnosis of ICH. Expansion of the hematoma is the most common cause of secondary deterioration within the first few hours after onset (Brott et al. 1997). 

Reference values may lead to underdiagnosis in the elderly, this is not applicable in black and Asian populations. The values for the black population are 10-15% lower than for white people of similar build. Chinese have been found to have an FVC about 20% lower and Indians about 10% lower than matched white populations. 

Even now the black population at LSUBR is very much out of proportion to the general population. The United States is approximately one-eighth African American. In Louisiana, that proportion is one-third. In East Baton Rouge Parish, where LSU resides, African Americans comprise nearly one-half of the population. With minority students representing only 26 percent of the student population at LSU as in Figure 6.3, the term underrepresented certainly applies. 

British Heart Foundation Statistics Database (1998). Coronary Heart Disease Statistics 1998. London British Heart Foundation Cappuccio FP (1997). Ethnicity and cardiovascular risk variations in people of African ancestry and South Asian origin. Journal of Human Hypertension 11 571-576 Connor MD, Walker R, Modi G et aL (2007). Burden of stroke in black populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Neurology 6 269-278 Coull AJ, Lovett JK, Rothwell PM et al. (2004). Population based study of early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke implications for public education and organisation of services. British Medical Journal 328 326... 

Wolfe CDA (2000). The impact of stroke. British Medical Bulletin 56 275-286 Wohe CD, Corbin DO, Smeeton NC et al. (2006a). Estimation of the risk of stroke in black populations in Barbados and South London. Stroke 37 1986-1990 Wohe CD, Corbin DO, Smeeton NC et al. (2006b). Poststroke survival for black-Caribbean populations in Barbados and South London. Stroke 37 1991-1996 Woo D, Gehel J, Miller R et al. (1999). Incidence rates of first-ever ischemic stroke subtypes among blacks a population-based study. Stroke 30 2517-2522... 

Beta adrenergic receptor antagonists reduce cardiac output (caused by negative chronotropic and inotropic effects), decrease renin release from the kidneys, and cause smooth muscle relaxation. However, blockage may also decrease secretion of insulin from pancreatic P-cells, which limits its use in T2D. Calcium channel antagonists act on L-type voltage gated channels in the heart and blood vessels to reduce vascular resistance and arterial pressure. Diuretics are also widely used to decrease blood pressure, particularly in the elderly and hypertensive black populations. 

In rural sub-Saharan Africa, there is a kind of beer which is traditionally brewed in iron vats. The daily iron overload can amount to as much as 200 mg with markedly increased iron absorption (T.H. Bothwell et at, 1965). Such a condition is also observed in South Africa among the black population. Their diet consists of porridge fermented in iron pots with an acid pH value (V.R. Gordeuk et al., 1986). In both conditions, absorption of iron is facilitated by various factors, e. g. protein or vitamin C deficiency, alcohol abuse, acidic diet. It has been suggested that such iron overload is triggered by genetic factors. (437)... 

From these results, one might guess that the black population, overall, is at lesser risk for cardiovascular disease than w hitcs. This notion is false because of the greater prevalence of obesity among blacks, Eipidemiological studies have revealed that about one-third of white women are obese, while over half of all black women are obese. 

The slaves found great biodiversity in Brazil and set about deciphering same, to survive both physically and culturally. Adaptation to the new habitat and the new social conditions gave way to substitution of indispensable plants that were not found here [40]. When it was not possible to find these plants, the Black population developed strategies so that these species could be brought from Africa [40]. Species such as Cola acuminata (P. Beauv.) Schott Endl. (obi), Garcinia kola Heckel (orobo kola nut) and Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (dende oil palm) were introduced in Brazil [41]. 

Some studies on the therapeutic use of plants by the Black population have been carried out in Brazil [3,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48] and, recently, by Rodrigues Carlini [49,50]. 

Blank M, Blank A, King S, et al Distribution of HLA and haplotypes of Colombian and Jamaican black populations. Tissue Antigens 45 111-116,1995... 

The next major American city in which marihuana was allegedly epidemic was New York. While Mexican immigrants had been pouring into the south and midwest, New York s Harlem was the scene of a vast influx of Negroes from the West Indies and the southern United States. By 1930, New York s black population numbered over 300,000. More blacks lived in New York than in Birmingham, Memphis, and St. Louis combined. 

Schachat AP, Hyman L, Leske MC, ConneU AM, Wu SY. 1995. Features of age-related macular degeneration in a black population. The Barbados eye study group. Arch Ophthalmol 113 728-735. 

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