Aluminum trichloride replace

Many reactions of fluorinated organics with metal halides result in the replacement of fluorine with halogen A general route to 1,1,1-trichloro- or tribromo-fluoroalkanes involves treating primary fluoroalkyl iodides with aluminum trichloride or aluminum tribromide [74], Benzylic [75, 76] or vinylic [72] fluorine can be exchanged for chlorine when treated with aluminum trichloride... 

The latter method is best, and the product is mainly the trans isomer. Heating gives a mixture of products and heating in the presence of aluminum trichloride gives a product in which the terminal chlorine is replaced by a fluorine. Other chloroarsines are surprisingly inert to hexafluorobut-2-yne 188). 

Aminoquinolines have been synthesized in a manner analogous to the Niementowski reaction, wherein the carboxylic acid in 1 was replaced with a nitrile (49). This transformation has been carried out under either acidic or basic conditions. Under the former conditions, a variety of Lewis acids have been employed to effect this transformation, including zinc chloride, aluminum trichloride, boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, and titanium tetrachloride. In a representative example, 49 was combined with 50 and heated at reflux in the presence of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate to furnish 51, which contains an embedded 4-aminoquinoline ring system. ... 

There are a number of substitution reactions of phenols in which the hydrogen (for which substitution is being made) is replaced by carbon. The Friedel-Crafts alkylation already mentioned (Scheme 8.40 above) has an acylation counterpart, which, in some cases, is complicated by an initial acylation of the phenol on oxygen ( O-acylation ) and a subsequent rearrangement to the ring substitution products. Indeed, in practice, initial preparation, isolation, and purification of the phenol ester (Chapter 9) resulting from O-acylation, followed by treatment of the ester with a Lewis acid such as aluminum trichloride (AICI3), often provides a cleaner overall... 

An acyl group can replace hydrogen in an aromatic ring by a reaction called Friedel—Crafts acylation. The reaction requires an acyl hahde and the corresponding aluminum trihahde. The reaction is commonly carried out only with acyl chlorides. The electrophile is shown as an acyl cation, called an acyl-ium ion, forms from a Lewis acid—Lewis base complex of aluminum trichloride and the acyl chloride. 

By 1960, the original preparation of brown -titanium trichloride in situ was no longer used by most producers. It was replaced by commercial y-titanium trichloride, which contained an isomorphous form of aluminum chloride in the molar ratio (STiCb.AlCls). This was ball milled to form < -titanium trichloride, which increased activity and led to the formation of a higher proportion of isotactic polymer. However, even after these improvements in catalyst performance, there was still a limitation to the eatalyst activity because the aluminum trichloride in the catalyst reacted with the triethyl aluminum co-catalyst to form quantities of ethyl aluminum dichloride, which is detrimental to the polymerization reactions. Titanium trichloride ciystals were also relatively large despite the milling treatment to reduce particle size. 

Borosilicates have been prepared via hydrothermal synthesis in alkaline solutions (1.16-24). Alternatively, synthesis has been successful from neutral or slightly acidic media in the presence of fluoride anions (22). Borosilicate molecular sieves have been prepared through secondary synthesis techniques as reported by Derouane, et al. (26.), in which the aluminosilicate ZSM-5 was treated with boron trichloride to replace aluminum with boron in tetrahedral sites. 

Hard Lewis acid chloroaluminate ionic liquids show intense catalytic activity in the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction however, they suffer from the same issues as anhydrous aluminum chloride. i Of particular interest to these reactions, aluminum chloride may be replaced by indium trichloride to form chloroindate(III) ionic liquids. The advantage of using indium trichloride compared with aluminum chloride is represented by its hydrolytic stability and reduced oxophilicity. Chloroindate(III) ionic liquids are synthesized by mixing l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C4mim]Cl with anhydrous indium trichloride at 80°C. In the benzoyla-tion of anisole with benzoic anhydride (BAN) at 80°C, the best yield of... 

Aluminum amalgam Preferential replacement of chlorine by hydrogen 1,1-Dichlorides from 1,1,1-trichlorides... 

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