Bismuth dissolved

Bismuth Dissolve 1.000 g Bi in 8 ml of 10 M HNO3, boil gently to expel brown fumes, and... 

The existence of bismuthine was first demonstrated by using a radioactive tracer, Bi (8). Acid treatment of a magnesium plate coated with Bi resulted in the hberation of a volatile radioactive compound. In subsequent experiments, magnesium bismuthide [12048-46-3], Mg Bi, was treated with acid the yield, however, was only one part of bismuthine for every 20,000 parts of bismuth dissolved. Attempts to prepare bismuthine by reduction of bismuth trichloride with a borohydride have not been particularly successful. Experimental quantities ate best prepared by disproportionation of either methylbismuthine [66172-95-0], CH Bi, or dimethylbismuthine [14381-45-4], C2H. Bi (7) ... 

Bismuth dissolves in nitric acid and in aqua regia both solutions are precipitated by pure water in the form of a white powder. When the regulus of cobalt is dissolved in these menstrua, it cannot be precipitated from them except by the alkalies fixed alkali precipitates it in the form of a powder which, after being washed, remains dark and black whereas when one precipitates it with volatile alkali, especially if it has been dissolved by aqua regia, it acquires a very red color, which changes to blue, if one exposes it to the fire up to the point of redness (27). 

B. Pelletier,24 and C. M. Marx found that molten bismuth dissolves a little phosphorus, and W. Heintz, that when bismuth phosphate is heated in a current... 

The precipitate is very slightly soluble in excess reagent in cold solution, 2-3 mg bismuth dissolved per 100 ml sodium hydroxide (2m). The precipitate is soluble in acids ... 

Ferro-phoi horated Elixir of Calisaya Bark and Bismuth. This preparation is made according to the last formula, with the addition of 2 ounces citrate of bismuth, dissolved in a sufficiency of equal parts of water and liquor of ammonia at a gentle heat. Tho bismuth solution is added to the elixir at the same time as the pyrophosphate... 

Elixir of Calisaya Bark and Bismuth, This may be prepared in the same mauncr as the ferro-phosphorated elixir (see Xo. 4t)UU) pubstitntinj . in the place of the pyropht sphato of iron, 2 omices citrate of bismuth, dissolved as directed in Xo. 4700. 

Bismuth dissolves in nitric acid according to the reaction below. What volume of 30.0% HNO3 by mass (density... 

Peroxide. Bismuth dissolves in acids, especially CH3CO2H, but far more extensively with H2O2. At high pHs, H02 oxidizes Bi to Bi ... 

For bismuth dissolve about 1-5 g in dilute nitric acid, add dilute ammonia solution until a slight permanent precipitate and just redissolve with dilute nitric acid. To the cold solution add potassium iodide solution with constant stirring until in excess as shown by a slight yellow colour, dilute to about 250 ml with boiling water and boil until almost colourless. Adjust the pH to 4 2 with sodium acetate, filter on a sintered glass filter, wash and dry at 105°. 1 g residue = 0 5939 g Bi. 

Arsenic dissolves in concentrated nitric acid forming arsenicfV) acid, H3ASO4, but in dilute nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid the main product is the arsenic(III) acid, HjAsOj. The more metallic element, antimony, dissolves to form the (III) oxide Sb O, with moderately concentrated nitric acid, but the (V) oxide Sb205 (structure unknown) with the more concentrated acid. Bismuth, however, forms the salt bismulh(lll) nitrate Bi(N03)3. 5H,0. 

Very small quantities of bismuthine are obtained when a bismuth-magnesium alloy, BijMgj, is dissolved in hydrochloric acid. As would be expected, it is extremely unstable, decomposing at room temperature to bismuth and hydrogen. Alkyl and aryl derivatives, for example trimethylbismuthine, Bi(CHj)3, are more stable. 

Solutions of many antimony and bismuth salts hydrolyse when diluted the cationic species then present will usually form a precipitate with any anion present. Addition of the appropriate acid suppresses the hydrolysis, reverses the reaction and the precipitate dissolves. This reaction indicates the presence of a bismuth or an antimony salt. 

Bismuth standard solution (quantitative color test for Bi) dissolve 1 g of bismuth in a mixture of 3 mL of concentrated HNO3 and 2.8 mL of H2O and make up to 100 mL with glycerol. Also dissolve 5 g of KI in 5 mL of water and make up to 100 mL with glycerol. The two solutions are used together in the colorimetric estimation of Bi. 

Nylander s solution (detection of glucose) dissolve 40 g of rochelle salt and 20 g of bismuth subnitrate in 1000 mL of an 8% NaOH solution. 

Metals less noble than copper, such as iron, nickel, and lead, dissolve from the anode. The lead precipitates as lead sulfate in the slimes. Other impurities such as arsenic, antimony, and bismuth remain partiy as insoluble compounds in the slimes and partiy as soluble complexes in the electrolyte. Precious metals, such as gold and silver, remain as metals in the anode slimes. The bulk of the slimes consist of particles of copper falling from the anode, and insoluble sulfides, selenides, or teUurides. These slimes are processed further for the recovery of the various constituents. Metals less noble than copper do not deposit but accumulate in solution. This requires periodic purification of the electrolyte to remove nickel sulfate, arsenic, and other impurities. 

Bismuthides. Many intermetaUic compounds of bismuth with alkafl metals and alkaline earth metals have the expected formulas M Bi and M Bi, respectively. These compounds ate not saltlike but have high coordination numbers, interatomic distances similar to those found in metals, and metallic electrical conductivities. They dissolve to some extent in molten salts (eg, NaCl—Nal) to form solutions that have been interpreted from cryoscopic data as containing some Bi . Both the alkafl and alkaline earth metals form another series of alloylike bismuth compounds that become superconducting at low temperatures (Table 1). The MBi compounds are particularly noteworthy as having extremely short bond distances between the alkafl metal atoms. 

Bismuth Trifluoride. Bismuth(III) duoride is a white to grey-white powder, density 8.3 g/mL, that is essentially isomorphous with orthorhombic YF, requiring nine-coordination about the bismuth (11). It has been suggested that BiF is best considered an eight-coordinate stmcture with the deviation from the YF stmcture resulting from stereochemical activity of the bismuth lone-pair electrons. In accord with its stmcture, the compound is the most ionic of the bismuth haUdes. It is almost insoluble in water (5.03 0.05 x 10 M at pH 1.15) and dissolves only to the extent of 0.010 g per 100 g of anhydrous HF at 12.4°C. 

Bismuth triduoride is usually prepared by dissolving either Bi O or BiOF in hydroduoric acid to yield the addition compound bismuth triduoride ttihydroduoride [66184-11-0] 3 HF or H2(BiF ). Caredil evaporation of the solution permits isolation of a grey soHd, which upon heating loses HF to yield BiF. It may be purified by sublimation in a stream of HF at 500°C. Bismuth triduoride may also be prepared by direct duorination of bismuth by (/) reaction of Bi O with sulfiir tetraduoride, SF (2) treatment of metallic bismuth with HF at 350°C and (J) reduction of BiF in a dilute stream of hydrogen. 

Bismuth trichloride is usually prepared by chlorination of the molten metal or by dissolving bismuth metal in aqua regia evaporation of the solution yields the bismuth trichloride dihydrate [66172-88-1BiCl 2H20, and upon distillation, it decomposes to give anhydrous bismuth trichloride. The commercial product frequendy is not anhydrous. 

Bismuth tribromide may be prepared by dissolving Bi O in excess concentrated hydrobromic acid. The slurry formed is allowed to dry in air, then gendy heated in a stream of nitrogen to remove water, and finally distilled in a stream of dry nitrogen. Bismuth tribromide is soluble in aqueous solutions of KCl, HCl, KBr, and KI but is decomposed by water to form bismuth oxybromide [7787-57-7] BiOBr. It is soluble in acetone and ether, and practically insoluble in alcohol. It forms complexes with NH and dissolves in hydrobromic acid from which dihydrogen bismuth pentabromide tetrahydrate [66214-38-8] H2BiBr 4H2O, maybe crystallized at —lO C. 

Bismuth ttiiodide may be prepared by beating stoichiometric quantities of the elements in a sealed tube. It undergoes considerable decomposition at 500°C and is almost completely decomposed at 700°C. However, it may be sublimed without decomposition at 3.3 kPa (25 mm Hg). Bismuth ttiiodide is essentially insoluble in cold water and is decomposed by hot water. It is soluble in Hquid ammonia forming a red triammine complex, absolute alcohol (3.5 g/100 g), benzene, toluene, and xylene. It dissolves in hydroiodic acid solutions from which hydrogen tetraiodobismuthate(Ill) [66214-37-7] HBil 4H2O, may be crystallized, and it dissolves in potassium iodide solutions to yield the red compound, potassium tetraiodobismuthate(Ill) [39775-75-2] KBil. Compounds of the type tripotassium bismuth hexaiodide [66214-36-6] K Bil, are also known. 

Bismuth trioxide is practically insoluble in water it is definitely a basic oxide and hence dissolves in acids to form salts. Acidic properties are just barely detectable, eg, its solubiUty slightly increases with increasing base concentration, presumably because of the formation of bismuthate(III) ions, such as Bi(OH) g and related species. 

Bismuth Salts. Bismuth trioxide dissolves in concentrated solutions of strong oxyacids to yield bismuth salts. In more dilute solutions of strong acids or in solutions of weak acids, the oxide reacts to form bismuthyl or basic salts. The normal salts are very susceptible to hydrolysis. 

Bismuth Triperchlorate Pentahydrate. Bismuth(III) perchlorate pentahydrate [66172-92-7], Bi(C10 2 5H20, is prepared by dissolving Bi202 in 70% HCIO4. Anhydrous bismuth triperchlorate [14059-45-1], Bi(C10 2> maybe prepared by heating bismuthyl perchlorate monohydrate [66172-93-8], BiOClO H2O, between 80 and 100°C. Attempts to dissolve bismuth metal in concentrated perchloric acid have resulted in explosions. Treatment of bismuth or with dilute solutions of perchloric acid yields hydrates of bismuthyl perchlorate. 

Triphenylbismuth (bismuth triphenyl) [603-33-8] M 440.3, m 75-76 , 77-78 , 78.5 , d 4 1.6427(melt). Dissolve in EtOH, ppte with H2O, extract with Et20, dry and evaporate when the residue crystallises. It has been recrystd from EtOH and Et20-Et0H and is a stable compound. [J Chem Soc suppl pl21 I949 Chem Ber 37 4620 1904 J Am Chem Soc 62 665 1940 UV J Chem Phys 22 1430 1954.]... 

A mixture of 2.33 g of bismuth oxide (BijOa), 3.71 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate, and 7.64 g of triglycollamic acid and 40 cc of water was heated at B0°C on the water bath until all was dissolved. The solution was avaporated on the water bath to a syrup. The syrup was allowed to cool, during which time partial solidification occurred. It was then triturated with 300 cc of alcohol, and the solid anhydrous salt was collected on a filter, washed with alcohol, ground fine, and dried in a vacuum desiccator. This substance has a water solubility at 25°C of 31 S% by weight. It decomposes on heating in the melting point bath. 

Leaching—one component of an alloy is preferentially dissolved, an example being nickel which is leached from stainless steels by molten lithium or bismuth, sometimes to such an extent that voids are left in the steel. 

Uranium Short-term tests indicate that the practical upper limit for niobium as a container material for uranium is about 1 400°C . Niobium is dissolved in a uranium-bismuth alloy in less than lOOh at a temperature of 800°C". Uranium eutectics with iron, manganese or nickel, corroded niobium at 800°C and 1 000°C It is significantly attacked by uranium-chromium at 1 000°C . 

Notes. (1) A suitable solution for practice can be obtained by dissolving about 0.15 g of pure bismuth, accurately weighed, in the minimum volume of 1 4 nitric add. Alternatively, a corresponding amount of bismuth nitrate may be used. 

If no depolariser is added to an acidic chloride solution, corrosion of the anode occurs and the dissolved platinum is deposited on the cathode, leading to erroneous results and to destruction of the anode. A number of metals (for example, zinc and bismuth) should not be deposited on a platinum surface. 

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