Bismuth perchlorate

The ligand 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2(l//)-thione (THPT) forms an S-bonded complex, BiCl3(THPT)3.225 The crystal structure (81) shows a fac octahedron. Interestingly, with bismuth perchlorate Bi(C104)3(THPT)5 is formed. 

Stability constants for the bismuth(m) iodide species Bil , n = 1—6, have been calculated from solubility data, and thermodynamic data for BiClg" can be obtained from heats of mixing of bismuth perchlorate and hydrochloric acid. ... 

Dragulescu, C., Nimara, A., and Julean, I. (1972a) Contributions to the bismuth hydrolysis study. I. Spectrophotometric and polarographic investigations on bismuth perchlorate hydrolysis. Chem. Anal, 17, 631-640. 

Perchloric acid Acetic acid, acetic anhydride, alcohols, antimony compounds, azo pigments, bismuth and its alloys, methanol, carbonaceous materials, carbon tetrachloride, cellulose, dehydrating agents, diethyl ether, glycols and glycolethers, HCl, HI, hypophosphites, ketones, nitric acid, pyridine, steel, sulfoxides, sulfuric acid... 

Bismuth Triperchlorate Pentahydrate. Bismuth(III) perchlorate pentahydrate [66172-92-7], Bi(C10 2 5H20, is prepared by dissolving Bi202 in 70% HCIO4. Anhydrous bismuth triperchlorate [14059-45-1], Bi(C10 2> maybe prepared by heating bismuthyl perchlorate monohydrate [66172-93-8], BiOClO H2O, between 80 and 100°C. Attempts to dissolve bismuth metal in concentrated perchloric acid have resulted in explosions. Treatment of bismuth or with dilute solutions of perchloric acid yields hydrates of bismuthyl perchlorate. 

Aqueous ceric solutions are widely used as oxidants in quantitative analysis they can be prepared by the oxidation of Ce ( cerous ) solutions with strong oxidizing agents such as peroxodisulfate, S20g ", or bismuthate, BiOg". Complexation and hydrolysis combine to render (Ce" +/Ce +) markedly dependent on anion and acid concentration. In relatively strong perchloric acid the aquo ion is present but in other acids coordination of the anion is likely. Also, if the pH is increased, hydrolysis to... 

Antimony and Bismuth. In attempting to dissolve alloys of these metals in hot 72% perchloric ac, a coating was formed which was very sensitive and expl. The chem nature of the deposits was not ascertained (Ref 9)... 

Perchloric acid Acetic anhydride, bismuth and its alloys, alcohol, paper, wood, grease, oils... 

All other dangerous reactions consist of oxidations of bismuth by strong oxidants. Thus, chloric and perchloric acids lead to highly sensitive explosives (probably bismuth chlorate and perchlorate). Fuming nitric acid causes the incandescence of bismuth at ambient temperature whereas a detonation occurs when molten bismuth is mixed with concentrated nitric acid. Rnally, a bismuth/molten ammonium nitrate mixture causes a very violent or even an explosive reaction. 

Nitroparaffins Oxalic acid Oxygen Perchloric acid Inorganic bases, amines Silver, mercury Oils, grease, hydrogen, flammable liquids, solids or gases Acetic anhydride, bismuth and its alloys, alcohol, paper, wood, grease, oils... 

Iodine pentafluoride Metals Nitric acid Metals Nitrosyl fluoride Metals Perchloric acid Bismuth See other METALS... 

Nicholson, D. G. el al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1935, 57, 817 Attempts to dissolve bismuth and its alloys in hot perchloric acid carry a very high risk of explosion. At 110°C a dark brown coating is formed, and if left in contact with the acid (hot or cold), explosion occurs sooner or later. The same is true of antimony and its tervalent compounds. 

The use of a special microtechnique has permitted the precipitation, weighing, and determination of about 2 /xg of technetium with a standard deviation of 0.08 /xg . The precipitate is filtered, washed with ice-cold water, dried at 110 °C and weighed as (CgH5) AsTcO. Permanganate, perchlorate, periodate, iodide, fluoride, bromide, thiocyanate anions and mercury, bismuth, lead, silver, tin and vanadyl cations as well as nitrate concentrations above 0.5 M interfere with the determination. 

Potentiometric non-aqueous titration (using bismuth oxyacetate and perchloric acid or trifluoromethylsulfonic acid) was used by Zakhari et al. (90) for the determination of procaine and other drugs (halides and nitrogen bases) [90], Procaine hydrochloride was dissolved in 5 1 acetic... 

A formulation based on antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3)-20%, potassium perchlorate (KC104)-8% and barium chromate(BaCr04)-72% (with NC as binder) is a well-known slow-burning delay formulation with a burning rate of 0.43 cm s 1. The burning rate decreases to 0.23 cms 1 on substitution of barium chromate by bismuth chromate. These formulations are safe to handle as revealed by the sensitivity data [26]. 

Quaternary bismuth compounds are generally unstable. When the anionic ligand is chloride or bromide, the compounds decompose spontaneously on standing azides and selenocyanates decompose more rapidly. The perchlorates, tetrafluoroborates, and hexafluorophophates, however, are considerably more stable but eventually decompose. The vibrational spectra of the latter compounds show the presence of the free ion and are consistent with a tetrahedral BiC4 skeleton for the cation. The acetonyltriphenyl compounds, [(C(5H5)3BiCH2COCH3]Y, where Y is C10- 4 or BF- 4, also appear to be true bismuthonium salts. 

In the determination of cesium, the coal sample and cesium carrier are digested, and the perchlorate separation and ferric hydroxide scavenging precipitation are made as in the procedure for rubidium. Cesium is then separated from the remaining solution by precipitation of cesium bismuth iodide. The final separation is made by precipitation of cesium chloroplatinate, which is counted with a Geiger counter for the 0.66 MeV /T decay of 134Cs (U = 2.1 yr), or counted for the 0.13 MeV y-ray associated with the isomeric transition of 134mCs (t% = 2.9 hr). 

Bismuth and HClO 4. See under Perchloric Acid and in Vol 2, p B161... 

Perchloric acid reacts with bismuth to form a spontaneously explosive compound (Ref 4) Perchloric acid esters are also violently explosive. An alcoholic solution of HC104 should never be heated unless considerable water is present, as it may explode (Refs 5 6)... 

Spence W.Wild, JChemSoc 1934, 1588-93 (Thermal reaction between Cl gaseous formaldehyde) 4)D.G.Nicholson J-H.Reedy, JACS 57, 817-18 (1935) (Expl reaction of bismuth with perchloric acid) 5)O.Hackl, ZAnalChem 107, 385-87 (1936) CA 31, 2007 (1937) (Expln danger of perchloric acid) 6)J.Meyer W.Sporman, ZAnalChem 107, 387-88 (1936) CA 31, 2007 (1937) (Perchloric acid behavior) 7)E.C. 

In most instances these catalysts were not satisfactory in terms of yield, range of substrates and turnover numbers of the catalyst. Additionally, they were mostly efficient only in the case of activated aromatics. In order to develop also Friedel-Crafts acylations of less activated or even deactivated arenes, a new generation of catalysts had to be developed. Here, particularly bismuth(III) triflate [33] and hafnium(IV) triflate in the presence of lithium perchlorate [34] or triflic acid [35] are effective, alternative catalysts actually acylating benzene, toluene and halobenzenes. 

The rate of oxidation of acetophenoximes with bismuth(V) fluoride in a mixture of hydrogen fluoride and perchloric acid follows first-order kinetics in both the oxime and Bi(V). The reaction is acid catalysed. A bridged outer-sphere mechanism, involving formation of an iminoxy radical, has been suggested.81... 

Bis(2-methyl-1,8-naphthyridine)tetracarbonyldirhodium(I) perchlorate, 3827 Bis(2-methylpyridine)sodium, 3518 Bismuth amide oxide, 0229 Bismuth, 0226... 

Bismuth, antimony, arsenic, arsenate, vanadate, thallium, lead, tin, dichromate, nitrate and iron all interfere in this procedure but the interferences by all of these except thallium, tin and dichromate can be overcome by suitable modifications to the method. Plant digests for analysis when prepared by nitric acid-perchloric acid digestion [70]. 

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