SEARCH Articles Figures Tables Achromatic birefringence Alite birefringence Angular Birefringence Anisotropic Retarders Birefringence Anisotropic birefringence Anisotropic birefringent phase Anisotropic media birefringence Anisotropy and Birefringence Apparent birefringence Atactic polystyrene birefringence Axial birefringence Azobenzene birefringence Birefringence Birefringence Birefringence (and optical rotation) Birefringence Kerr effect Birefringence a Nichol prism Birefringence adsorption Birefringence and Circular Dichroism Birefringence and Dichroism Birefringence and orientation Birefringence anisotropic material Birefringence apparatus Birefringence applications Birefringence biaxial Birefringence biaxial orientation Birefringence cellulosics Birefringence chiral nematics Birefringence circular Birefringence control Birefringence copolymers Birefringence crystal structure Birefringence definition Birefringence deformation Birefringence deformation contribution Birefringence determination Birefringence devices, variable Birefringence dilute solution flow Birefringence dispersion Birefringence displays Birefringence distribution Birefringence dynamic Birefringence dynamic scattering Birefringence effect Birefringence elastic constants Birefringence elastomeric networks Birefringence electrically induced Birefringence enhancement with Birefringence external fields Birefringence factor Birefringence ferroelectrics Birefringence films Birefringence form effect Birefringence gratings Birefringence identification Birefringence imaging Birefringence in inhomogeneous electric fields Birefringence in photochromic IsoSm Birefringence interference colours Birefringence isotropic material Birefringence light-induced Birefringence linear Birefringence loss, measurement Birefringence magnetically induced Birefringence magnitude Birefringence materials Birefringence materials with positive dielectric anisotropy Birefringence measurement Birefringence measurement copolymers Birefringence measurement, procedure Birefringence melt spun Birefringence methods Birefringence model Birefringence molecular expression Birefringence molecular orientation Birefringence multicomponent systems Birefringence negative Birefringence negative, positive Birefringence nematics Birefringence of a Rigid Rod Polymer Birefringence of flow Birefringence of multicomponent systems Birefringence of nematic liquid Birefringence of nematic liquid crystals Birefringence of polymer solution Birefringence optic sign Birefringence orientational contribution Birefringence patterns Birefringence phase difference Birefringence phase matching Birefringence photoinduced Birefringence polarizability Birefringence poly Birefringence polycarbonate disk Birefringence positive Birefringence radial Birefringence relaxation Birefringence residual Birefringence resulting from orientation Birefringence retarders Birefringence semicrystalline polymers Birefringence single polarization Birefringence strain Birefringence structural Birefringence studies Birefringence temperature dependence Birefringence theory Birefringence time dependent Birefringence types Birefringence uniaxial Birefringence uniaxial negative Birefringence uniaxial orientation Birefringence voltage controlled Birefringence voltage-induced Birefringence, crystalline Birefringence, electric Birefringence, in liquid crystals Birefringence, polarizability measurements Birefringence, polypeptides Birefringence, strain-induced Birefringence, transient Birefringence, transient electrical Birefringence, — continued Birefringence-temperature Birefringence-temperature relations Birefringent anisotropic materials Birefringent crystals, propagation Birefringent crystals, propagation directions Birefringent filter Birefringent interferometer Birefringent layer formation Birefringent material Birefringent modulator Birefringent organics Birefringent phase Birefringent prisms Birefringent properties Birefringent solutions Birefringent textures Birefringent wavelength filters Birefringent waveplate Birefringent. Lyot filter Block copolymers birefringence Carbonates birefringence Cellulose birefringence Chain compounds, birefringence Chain compounds, birefringence polymers Changes in birefringence and Circularly birefringent Color with birefringent retarding layers Concentric cylinders birefringence Couette birefringence Couette flow birefringence Crystals birefringent Determination of Molecular Polarizability Anisotropy and Orientational Order from Birefringence Data Devices birefringence effect Dispersed birefringent phase Doppler-Free Laser-Induced Dichroism and Birefringence Draw ratio birefringence Efficiency electrical birefringence Electric birefringence molecules Electric birefringence, rotational diffusion Electric birefringence, rotational diffusion coefficient Electric field birefringence Electric-field induced birefringent materials Electric-field induced birefringent materials photorefraction Electrical birefringence Electrical birefringence conductivity Electrical birefringence potential Electrically controlled birefringence Electrically controlled birefringence displays Electrically controlled birefringence effect Electrically controlled birefringence mode Experimental Methods to Measure Refractive Index and Birefringence Extension birefringence Ferroelectrics have anisotropic electronic bonds Birefringence Fibers birefringence Fibrous birefringence Field-induced birefringence Field-induced birefringence dipole suspension Field-induced birefringence dynamic susceptibilities Field-induced birefringence evaluation and comparison Field-induced birefringence first order Field-induced birefringence function Field-induced birefringence generation Field-induced birefringence mechanical orientation Field-induced birefringence moment Field-induced birefringence optical anisotropy orientation Field-induced birefringence results Field-induced birefringence second order Field-induced birefringence third order Flow Birefringence Applications Flow birefringence Flow induced birefringence Form Contributions of Birefringence and Dichroism Form birefringence Form birefringence and dichroism Four-roll mill birefringence Frequency-domain electric birefringence Frequency-domain electric birefringence spectroscopy Gels birefringence General relationships and usefulness of birefringence measurements Geometrical birefringence Geometries for Measuring Flow Birefringence Hermans orientation function birefringence measurement Homologous birefringence Host birefringence, displays In-Plane Birefringence of Cellulose Esters Induced birefringence Infrared linear birefringence Intrinsic birefringence Jones birefringence Jones matrix of non-uniform birefringent film Jones’ matrices birefringence Kerr effect, field-induced birefringence Laser-induced birefringence Light microscopy birefringence Linear Birefringence Measurements Linear viscoelasticity stress birefringence Linearly polarized light, birefringence Liquid Crystal Birefringent Wavelength Filters Liquid birefringence Liquid crystals birefringence Liquid crystals birefringent Low birefringence Lyotropic liquid crystals birefringence Magnetic and electric birefringence Magnetic birefringe Magnetic birefringence Magnetic birefringence (Cotton-Mouton Magnetic circular birefringence Magneto-electric birefringence Measurement of birefringence Measurement of optical refractive indices or birefringence Minerals birefringence Modulators birefringent Molecular alignment birefringence Molecular birefringence Molecular expression for birefringence Molecules, birefringence Molecules, birefringence dimensions Molecules, birefringence rotation Molecules, birefringence shapes Molecules, birefringence symmetry Mueller matrix of non-uniform birefringence film Muscle birefringence Myelin Birefringent Naphthalene, birefringence Negative birefringence film Nematic liquid crystals birefringence Nematic phase birefringence Normal stress using birefringence Normal stress using birefringence measurements Off-Axis Transmission, Viewing Angle, and Birefringence Compensation Optical anisotropy birefringence Optical birefringence Optical birefringence and infrared activation Optical birefringence dispersion Optical birefringent properties Optical flow birefringence Optical properties birefringence Optical properties, spectroscopy birefringence Optically compensated birefringence Orientation birefringence Orientation birefringence measurements Orientational birefringence Orientational order paramete from birefringence Orientational order parameter from birefringence Origins of Birefringence Oscillatory birefringence Oscillatory electrical birefringence Oscillatory flow birefringence Photoinduced birefringence azobenzene polymers Photoinduced birefringence, molecular glasses Photoinduced birefringence, molecular glasses Photonic funnels,” spiro molecules Photoinduced birefringence, molecular glasses reorientation and surface gratings Photorefraction birefringent materials Polarization structural birefringence Polarized light, birefringence Poly dynamic birefringence Poly optical birefringence Polydiacetylenes, birefringence Polymer blends, birefringence Polymer characterization light birefringence Polymers birefringence Polystyrene optical flow birefringence Relationships between Birefringence and Molecular Structure Reorientational birefringence Rotational Diffusion and Streaming Birefringence Rubber birefringence Shear birefringence Shear flow-induced birefringence Smectic texture, birefringence Sodium nitrate, birefringence Solution birefringence Specific birefringence constants Specific layer birefringence Spectroscopic birefringence technique Spherulites birefringence structure Spindle birefringence Spontaneous birefringence Stagnation flows birefringence Starch birefringence Starch birefringence, loss Strain-Induced Optical Birefringence Streaming birefringence Stress field visualization birefringence Stress-birefringence Stress-induced birefringence Stress-induced birefringence parameter Sulfur birefringence Summary of Birefringence and Polarizing Microscopy Super Birefringent Effect LCDs Supertwisted birefringence effect Surfactant phase, birefringent Suspension birefringence Suspension birefringence results Temperature Dependence of Birefringence and Refractive Indices Temperature control, birefringence Testing birefringence measurement The Onuki-Doi Theory of Form Birefringence and Dichroism The Polymer Stress and Birefringence Tensors Thermal dependence of birefringence Thermal microscopy birefringence Transient electric birefringence Transient electric birefringence colloidal suspensions Transient electric birefringence dynamics Transient electric birefringence theory Transient flow, birefringence Transparent zero-birefringence Transparent zero-birefringence polymers Two color flow birefringence Types of birefringence Ultrasonic Birefringence Uniaxial positive birefringence Viscoelasticity stress birefringence Waveguide birefringence Wavelength Dispersion of Orientation Birefringence Wiener birefringence Window birefringence Zero-birefringence copolymers Zero-birefringence polymers