Study Thin Films

Other interesting thin-film studies using AES have included the growth of platinum on Ti02- and SrO-terminated (100) SrTiOs single-crystal substrates [2.154], of epitaxial niobium films on (110) T1O2 [2.155], the interaction of copper with a (0001) rhenium surface [2.156], and the characterization of radio-frequency (rf) sputtered TiN films on stainless steel [2.157]. 

Homola, J., "Thin Films Study by Means of Optically Excited Surface Plasmons, Nano 94—International Coirference on Nanometrology Scanning Probe Microscopy and Related Techniques, Proceedings, Nano 94, Bmo, Czech Rep., 1994, pp. 84-87. 

Suryanarayanan R, Burn G (1976) A compact multi-source multi-substrate evaporator for thin film studies of rare earth sulphides. Thin Solid Films 35 263-271... 

Aoki, H., Morita, S., Sekine, R. and Ito, S. (2008) Conformation of single poly(methyl methacrylate) chains in ultra-thin film studied by scanning near-field optical microscopy. Polym. J 40, 274-280. 

The identity of methoprene photoproducts has been studied from aqueous emulsions, thin films on glass or silica gel, and in methanolic solution (Figures 3 and 4, 40). As a thin film (0.1 ym) on glass, the half-life of methoprene was about 6 hr. After 93% degradation of parent, more than 50 photoproducts were observed, only five of these present in 3% or higher yield 7-methoxycitronellic acid (4%), 7-methoxycitronellal (4%), the 4,5-epoxide of methoprene (6%), a C12 methyl ketone (3%), and 14C02 (6%). Similar products were encountered on photolysis of a 100 ppm aqueous emulsion of methoprene, except that methoxy-citronellal was isolated only as its dimethyl acetal (9% yield), a presumed artifact of work-up. In addition to the same products identified from thin film studies, at least forty-six other discrete products were detected, but not identified (40). 

Tsutsumi K, Yoshida H, Sato N (2002) Unoccupied electronic states in a hexatriacontane thin film studied by inverse photoemission spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 361 367... 

Photochemistry of Ketone Polymers in the Solid Phase Thin Film Studies of Vinyl Ketone Polymers... 

The versatility of the SPR technique has been shown by a vast amount of publications in the past decades the method has matured into a well-accepted analytical tool for the characterization of interfaces and thin films as well as for the sensitive detection of interfacial biomolecular interaction. With a significant input from engineering, SPR has reached a decent signal-to-noise level with a lower limit for a reliable signal detection corresponding to an effective layer of about 0.3 A [6], which is sufficient for most thin film studies. However, the intrinsic label-free characteristic of SPR detection technique still imposes limitation on further sensitivity improvement, especially if the analysis involves small molecules. 

Albert JNL, Baney MJ, Stafford CM et al (2009) Generation of monolayer gradients in surface energy and surface chemistry for block copolymer thin film studies. ACS Nano 3 3977-3986... 

Stress relaxation in heteroepitaxial (Ba, Sr)TiO3/(001)MgO thin film studied by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Phys Rev B 68 104104... 

Sirenko AA, Akimov lA, Pox JR, Clark AM, Li H-C, Si W, Xi XX (1999) Observation of the first-order Raman scattering in SrTi03 thin films. Phys Rev Lett 82 4500 Akimov lA, Sirenko AA, Clark AM, Hao J-H, Xi XX (2000) Electric-field induced soft-mode hardening in SrTiOa films. Phys Rev Lett 84 4625 99. Tenne DA, Clark AM, James AR, Chen K, Xi XX (2001) Soft phonon modes in Bao.5Sro.5Ti03 thin films studied by Raman spectroscopy. Appl Phys Lett 79 3836-3838... 

Tenne DA, Soukiassian A, Xi XX, Taylor TR, Hansen PJ, York RA, Speck JS (2004) Effect of thermal strain on the ferroelectric phase transition in polycrystalline Bao.5Srt).5Ti03 thin films studied by Raman spectroscopy. Appl Phys Lett 85 4124... 

In thin film studies, however, Kramer and co-workers have observed the reverse to be true, that crazing is preferred at higher temperatures, while shear deformation zones are observed at lower tefnperatures. This diametrically opposite behavior may have its origins in the different type of craze fibril formation that may occur in the bulk vs in the thin films. Preliminary observations indicate that chain scission may-dominate in bulk craze fibril formation, leading to weaker crazes at lower temperatures, whereas disentanglement processes may dominate in the thin films, leading to stronger crazes at lower temperatures... 

Tanner RE, Sasahara A, Liang Y, Altman El, Onishi H (2002) Formic acid adsorption on anatase TiO (001)-(l X 4) thin films studied by NC-AFM and STM. 1 Phys Chem B 106 8211... 

Asbury J. B., Hao E., Wang Y. and Lian T. (2000), Bridge length-dependent ultrafast electron transfer from Re polypyridyl complexes to nanocrystalline Ti02 thin films studied by femtosecond infrared spectroscopy , J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 11957-11964. 

TIZ 96] TIZLIOHINE A., BESSffiRES J., HEIZMANN J.J., BOBO J.F., Thin film study using low incidence and Bragg-Brentano texture goniometry. Application to mono-and bilayers of A1 and Al/Fe , J. Appl. Cryst, vol. 29, p. 531-539, 1996. 

There are four main problems which arise when enhancement factors are evaluated. The first problem is that we generally do not know the amount of material on the surface, especially in electrochemical, colloid, and thin-film studies conducted in the ambient or in solution. There are only a few studies which have used radiochemical techniques for electrodes " or colloids. " A few studies attempted to measure surface coverages from the... 

Israelachvili JN. Thin film studies using multiple-beam interferometry. J Colloid Interface Sci 1973 44 259-272. 

Both monolayers and plasma polymer thin films studied show pseudo-second-order surface Diels-Alder kinetics and obey the Arrhenius equation. The magnitudes of the rate constants calculated in the case of the Diels-Alder reaction on pulsed plasma polymer thin films are lower than the magnitudes of the rate constants on monolayers (Table 19.1). The rate constants seem to reflect the... 

The ruthenium molecules do not undergo the same behavior within gels at pH 3. In that case, compared to the thin-film study reported by Innocenzi, the pH effect on the dopant location is more obvious. As the surface is positively charged at pH 1, the positively charged complex will tend to migrate away from... 

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