Birefringence light-induced

Circular birefringence will induce a differential retardation in the phase of the orthogonal states of circularly polarized light. Circular dichroism, on the other hand, results in anisotropic attenuation of left- and right-circularly polarized light. The Jones matrix of circularly dichroic materials is normally written as ... 

FIG- S. 12 (A) Evolution of the birefringence. An. , induced by poiarized white ii in a copolymer film (KWI9,22 pm) without filters (/) or through grey filters of different optical density (2-f) (B) the An value Induced for 10 min, versus the light intensity. 

Kerr effect - An electrooptical effect in which birefringence is induced in a liquid or gas when a strong electric field is applied perpendicular to the direction of an incident light beam. The Kerr constant k is given by = k F , where X is the wavelength, E is the electric field strength, and and are the indices of refraction of the ordinary and extraordinary rays, respectively. 

Stable light-induced anisotropy in ionic complexes of poly(vinyl-A-alkylpyr-idinium) with Methyl Orange has been recently obtained (Zhang et al., 2008 Xiao et al., 2007). Both complexes have chemical structure (see Fig. 2.10a) similar to the complexes reported earlier (Lin et al., 2003, 2002). However, supposedly due to different synthetic procedure, they form smectic A (SmA) liquid crystalline phases. Induction of birefringence in one of these complexes is shown in Fig. 2.11. 

Termine, R., Aiello, 1., Godbert, N., Ghedinil, M., and Golemmel, A. (2008) Light-induced reorientation and birefringence in polymeric dispersions of nano-sized crystals. Opt. Express, 16, 6910-6920. 

A number of optical effects arise out of both the first and second hyperpolarizibilities. However, only some among them have been systematically studied for practical applications. In this chapter, we will discuss the electric field-induced optical birefringence in second-order NLO materials and the light-induced optical nonlinearities including optical Kerr effect and two-photon absorption (TPA) in third-order NLO materials. Molecular design for... 

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