Magneto-electric birefringence

The present contribution reviews recent advances in the highly accurate calculation of frequency-dependent properties of atoms and small molecules, electronic struc-mre methods, basis set convergence and extrapolation techniques. Reported applications include first and second hyperpolarizabilities, Faraday, Buckingham and Cotton-Mouton effects as well as Jones and magneto-electric birefringence... 

Figure 5. Contributions to the Jones and magneto-electric birefringences of neon. CC3 all-electron response results in atomic units...

For these systems Jones and magneto-electric birefringences yield retardances which are under the usual experimental conditions about two orders of magnitude weaker than those observed for CME. For the rare gases the predicted retardances for the JB and MEB are comparable to those of BE. The current detection limit for retardances of < 2nrad [175] makes their observation in these systems rather challenging, but they should be measurable for Nt, CO and even better for C2H2. 

That response theory encompasses a great number of of properties of various kind, was nicely illustrated in [145] and [146], which presented and analyzed results from the theory of this review applied to five different types of birefringences. These were the Kerr, Cotton-Mouton, Buckingham, Jones and Magneto-electric birefringences... 

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