Liquid crystal device

A nematic liquid crystal cell, based on Merck Licrilite E202, was used in these experiments. The rod like liquid crystal molecules preferentially aligned themselves with each other and to an alignment surface in the liquid crystal device. Any birefringence. An, was given as the difference between the two orthogonal refractive indices. As a consequence, any resulting... 

Kahn, F. The Molecular Physics of Liquid-Crystal Devices. Physics Today (May 1982), pp, 66-74... 

Alignment Coating for Liquid Crystal Devices (LCDs)... 

Alcohols, reaction of isocyanates with, 224-225 Alcoholysis, 69 Alicyclic dianhydrides, 297 Alignment coating, for liquid crystal devices, 269-270 Aliphatic AA-BB-type polyamides, synthesis of, 164-173 Aliphatic AB-type polyamides, 173-180 Aliphatic acids, 60... 

Linear polyurethanes, 26 Linear step-growth polymerizations, 13 Lipase-catalyzed polyesterifications, 83 Lipases, 82, 84 catalytic site of, 84 Liquefied MDIs, 211, 226-227 Liquid carbon dioxide, 206 Liquid-castable systems, 201 Liquid crystal devices (LCDs), alignment coating for, 269-270 Liquid crystalline aromatic polyesters, 35 Liquid crystalline polyesters, 25, 26, 48-53... 

In order to compensate for the distortions in the wavefront due to the atmosphere we must introduce a phase correction device into the optical beam. These phase correction devices operate by producing an optical path difference in the beam by varying either the refractive index of the phase corrector (refractive devices) or by introducing a variable geometrical path difference (reflective devices, i.e. deformable mirrors). Almost all AO systems use deformable mirrors, although there has been considerable research about liquid crystal devices in which the refractive index is electrically controlled. 

In the operation of ferroelectric liquid crystal devices, the applied electric field couples directly to the spontaneous polarisation Ps and response times depend on the magnitude E Ps. Depending on the electronic structure (magnitude and direction of the dipole moment as well as position and polarity of the chiral species) and ordering of the molecules P can vary over several orders of magnitude (3 to 1.2 x 10 ), giving response times in the range 1-100 ps. 

The interaction of complex liquid crystal molecules with realistic surfaces is an area which is currently unexplored using electronic structure methods though, as stated earlier, the problem of surface-induced control of molecular orientation remains at the forefront of liquid crystal device technology. This problem is currently at the limits of practical capability of the most powerful computer systems. However treatment of a single mesogenic molecule on a... 

Figure 1.20 Encapsulation of microdroplets of liquid crystals in ORMOSIL matrices results in materials with better transparency and thermal stability than polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. Gel-glass dispersed liquid crystal device switched between the OFF and ON state (thickness 10 pm, 4 x 2 cm, Fp p = 90V). (Reproduced from ref. 45, with permission.)...

P. Blake, P.D. Brimicombe, R.R. Nair, T.J. Booth, D. Jiang, F. Schedin, et al., Graphene-based liquid crystal device, Nano Letters, 8 (2008) 1704-1708. 

Blake P (2008) Graphene-based liquid crystal device. Nano Lett 8 1704—1708... 

Finally, the combination of dendrimers and organometallic entities as fundamental building blocks affords an opportunity to construct an infinite variety of organometallic starburst polymeric superstructures of nanoscopic, microscopic, and even macroscopic dimensions. These may represent a promising class of organometallic materials due to their specific properties, and potential applications as magnetic ceramic precursors, nonlinear optical materials, and liquid crystal devices in nanoscale technology. 

Additional norbornene polymers, (I), were previously prepared by Watanabe et al. (1) and used in films, polarizing plates, and liquid-crystal devices. 

Chigrinov, V. G. Liquid crystal devices physics and applications (Artech House Boston, MA, 1999). 

We thank Prof. John Goodby and Dr Avtar Matharu of the University of York for discussions about the use of fluorine in liquid crystal devices, and Prof. Alan Davison of the University of Newcastle and Dr Archie McCulloch of Marbury Technical Consulting for helpful suggestions regarding fluorochemicals in the environment. 

Li, X. T, Natansohn, A., Kobayashi, S., and Rochon, P. An optically controlled liquid crystal device using azopolymer films. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 2000, 36, pp. 824-827. 

Optimal chirped-pulse schemes for achieving population inversion ( molecular 7r pulses ) and to explain the chirp-dependence of multiphoton absorption yields have been described by Cao (Cao and Wilson, 1997 Cao, et al., 1998 Cao, et al., 2000). The learning algorithm approach has been reviewed by Levis, et al., (2001) and Rabitz, et al., (2000). The use of masks, arrays, and computer controlled liquid crystal devices for phase and amplitude control has been described by Kawashima, et al., (1995) Weiner, (1995) Krause, et al., (1997) and Tull, et al., (1997). Schemes for storing information in the rotation-vibration levels of diatomic molecules have been implemented by Ballard, et al., (2002) and Stauffer, et al., (2002). 

P. G. Genus, The Posies of Liquid Crystals, Qarendon Press, Oxford, England, 1974 G. J. Sprokel, ed. The Physics and Chemistry of Liquid Crystal Devices, Plenum Press, New York, 1980. 

Materials of this type may find application in thermochromic or liquid crystal devices. 

The twist viscosity can be determined from a measurement of Typically, t(0) for a film of 25 um is about 10" s. This gives an idea of the order of magnitude of the relaxation time for most nematic liquid crystal devices. 

BCD devices have several advantages over liquid crystal devices. BCDs have low power consumption, good optical contrast, a wide viewing angle, and an all solid-state construction. BCD devices may be constructed in large dimensions and have optical memory since the color acquired remains also after the driving voltage has been removed. 

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