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Birefringence enhancement with

Birefringences are mostly observed in condensed phases, especially pure liquids or solutions, since the strong enhancement of the effects allows for reduced dimensions (much shorter optical paths) of the experimental apparatus. Nowadays measurements of linear birefringences can be carried out on liquid samples with desktop-size instruments. Such measurements may yield information on the molecular properties, molecular multipoles and their polarizabilities. In some instances, for example KE, CME and BE, measurements (in particular of their temperature dependence) have been carried out simultaneously on some systems. From the combination of data, information on electric dipole polarizabilities, dipole and quadrupole moments, magnetizabilities and higher order properties were then obtained. [Pg.255]

A PAP may be either amorphous or liquid crystalline and usually comprises suitably functionalized photochromic azobenzene and mesogenic moieties as side groups. The latter play an important cooperative or synergistic role with the photo-chromic group enhancing the overall birefringence (photoinduced anisotropy). [Pg.222]

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Birefringence

Birefringent

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