Biosensors detection

FIGURE 6-14 DNA hybridization biosensors detection of DNA sequences from the E. coli pathogen. Chronopotentiometric response of the redox indicator upon increasing the target concentration in 1.0 pg/ml steps (a-c), in connection with a 2 min hybridization time. (Reproduced with permission from reference 46.)... 

Finally, the integration of biochemical or biosensor methods with conventional chromatographic analyses should not be overlooked. For example, the use of im-munoaffinity columns prior to chemiluminescence or the use of biosensor detection systems following the chromatographic step may provide useful solutions to speciflc analytical needs. 

There is increasing interest in the use of specific sensor or biosensor detection systems with the FIA technique (Galensa, 1998). Tsafack et al. (2000) described an electrochemiluminescence-based fibre optic biosensor for choline with flow-injection analysis and Su et al. (1998) reported a flow-injection determination of sulphite in wines and fruit juices using a bulk acoustic wave impedance sensor coupled to a membrane separation technique. Prodromidis et al. (1997) also coupled a biosensor with an FIA system for analysis of citric acid in juices, fruits and sports beverages and Okawa et al. (1998) reported a procedure for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and glucose in soft drinks with an electrochemical filter/biosensor FIA system. 

SONG w o, BEECHER G R and eitenmiller R R (2000), Modern Analytical Methodologies In Fat- and Water-soluble Vitamins. Chichester, Wiley. sprenger c, galensa r and jensen d (1999), Simultaneous determination of cellobiose, maltose and maltotriose in fruit juices by high-performance liquid chromatography with biosensor detection , Dtsch Lebensm Rundsch, 95, 499-504. 

The complexity of die flow injection manifold required by the three approaches was very similar. All of them necessitated electronic interfaces to control the propulsion and injection systems through the microcomputer in approaches I and II, and the injection and switching valves in manifold III. A passive electronic interface was also required in all three manifolds in order to acquire data fi om the biosensor/detection system. 

Zhao, J., Jedlicka, S. S., Larmu, J. D., Bhunia, A. K., and Rickus, J. L. (2006). Liposome-doped nanocomposites as artificial cell-based biosensors Detection of listeriolysin O. Biotechnol. Prog. 22,32-37. 

R.W. Min, V. Rajendran, N. Larsson, L. Gorton, J. Planas and B. Hahn-Hagerdal, Simultaneous monitoring of glucose and L-lactic acid during a fermentation process in an aqueous two-phase system by on-line FIA with microdialysis sampling and dual biosensor detection, Anal. Chim. Acta, 366(1-3) (1998) 127-135. 

Engstrom HA, Andersson PO, Ohlson S (2006) A label-free continuous total-intemal-reflection-fluorescence-based immunosensor. Anal Biochem 357 159-166 Sapsford KE, Rasooly A, Taitt CR et al (2004) Detection of Campylobacter and Shigella species in food samples using an array biosensor. Anal Chem 76 433 140 Sapsford KE, Taitt CR, Loo N et al (2005) Biosensor detection of botulinum toxoid A and staphylococcal enterotoxin B in food. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 5590-5592... 

Pazos, M.I, Alfonso, A., Vieytes, M., Yasumoto, T, and Botana, L. 2004. Resonant mirror biosensor detection method based on yessotoxin-phosphodiesterase interactions. Analytical Biochemestry 335, 112—118. 

Makhaeva, G.F., Sigolaeva, L.V., Zhuravleva, L.V., Eremenko, A.V., Kurochkin, I.N., Richardson, R.J., Malygin, V.V. (2003). Biosensor detection of neuropathy target esterase in whole blood as a biomarker of exposure to neuropathic organophos-phorus compounds. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A 66 599-610. 

Molecular beacons (MBs) are hairpin-shaped oligonucleotides that report the presence of specific nucleic acids. The MBs have been immobihzed by Tan and co-workers [27] onto ultrasmall optical fibre probes through avidin-biotin binding. The MB-DNA biosensor detected its target DNA molecules, in real time, with selectivity for a single base-pair mismatch. This MB-DNA-biosensor was used by Perlette and Tan [28] for real-time monitoring of mRNA-DNA hybridization inside a living cell. 

Analyte Biosensor Detection Limit Upper Linear Range Sensitivity Operating Potential (and Mode) Ref. 

In optical sensors and biosensors, detection is based on measurements of change of any optical characteristics of medium that is caused by the presence of analyte (mostly optical absorption, reflection, or luminescence). Although first optic sensors... 

Thermometric sensors are based on the measurement of the heat effects of a specific chemical reaction or an adsorption process that involves the analyte. In this group of sensors the heat effects may be measured in various ways, for example in catalytic sensors the heat of a combustion reaction or an enzymatic reaction is measured by use of a thermistor. Calorimetric biosensors detect variations of heat during a biological reaction. 

Biosensors based on a Clark oxygen electrode, coupled to tyrosinase immobilized by three different methods, were investigated for the determination of phenol in real matrices, such as water of various natural sources, industrial wastes and oil press. The feasibility study included direct use of the biosensors and in situ analysis. An integrated system, incorporating SPE, desorption, fractionation and biosensor detection, was validated for screening phenolic compounds in water. Two types of electrode were tested, solid graphite and CPE incorporating tyrosinase. Correct analyses were found for river water samples spiked with phenol (10 p.gL ), p-cresol (25 p.gL ) and catechol (1 A mul-... 

Dancil K-P S, Greiner DP, Sailor Ml (1999) A porous silicon optical biosensor detection of reversible binding of IgG to a protein A-modified surface. J Am Chem Soc 121 7925-7930... 

A Bossi, SA Piletsky, PG Righetti, AP Turner. Capillary electrophoresis coupled to biosensor detection. J Chromatogr A 892 143-153, 2000. 

Biosensor Detection Systems Engineering Stable, High-Affinity Bioreceptors by Yeast Surface Display... 

---