Biosensor method

Finally, the integration of biochemical or biosensor methods with conventional chromatographic analyses should not be overlooked. For example, the use of im-munoaffinity columns prior to chemiluminescence or the use of biosensor detection systems following the chromatographic step may provide useful solutions to speciflc analytical needs. 

Morton, T. A., and Myszka, D. G. (1998). Kinetic analysis of macromolecular interactions using surface plasmon resonance biosensors. Methods Enzymol. 295, 268-294. 

This chapter provides a synopsis of the salient host tissue responses that relate to implanted sensor performance and describes in detail the development and current adaptation of the window chamber-biosensor method to address host tissue factors. The use of normoglycemic and diabetic animal models, specifically the Syrian hamster and Fat Sand Rat, to study the role of the microvasculature on sensor function is described. Limitations of the window chamber-biosensor method are also outlined. Finally, some important and useful features of standard brightfield, fluorescence, confocal, and multiphoton imaging as they apply to the window chamber are noted. 

At the present time, qualitative and quantitative determination of lower aliphatic alcohols, e.g. a mixture of methanol with ethanol, is being performed with the use of enzymatic and enzyme-based biosensor methods [9,10]. 

In the previous sections, several examples were reviewed to show that the diffusion change is sensitive enough for the detection of the protein-protein interaction. This method could be called the diffusion detected biosensor method. Characteristic features of this method are discussed in the following. 

Golden JP, Shriver-Lake LC, Sapsford KE et al (2005) A do-it-yourself array biosensor. Methods 37 65-72... 

Heebeeg, F.W. (2004). Determination of kinetic data using surface plasmon resonance biosensors. Methods Mol. Med. 94, 299-320. 

The electrochemical biosensor method has shown high potential in microarray usage for its sensitivity, reproducibility, selectivity, and reversibility. Unlike other methods, the biosensor method depends on the electrochemical property of the coating receptors and binding analytes. It is prepared by electrochemical synthesis of polymers in situ on platinum electrodes. This technology, however, will require further... 

The diverse nature of soil contamination means that it is currently not possible to recommend a single assay for soil quality assessments in all circumstances. A suite of assays is likely to be the most useful approach. Within the suite, complementary methods applicable for a range of contaminants at different concentration levels and in a range of soils are needed. These include bioassay/biomarker/ biosensor methods that ... 

Assay of lymphocyte NTE was shown to provide a reliable monitor of exposure to neuropathic OP compounds within 24 h between exposure and measurement [84]. To investigate the possibility of using blood NTE inhibition as a biochemical marker of neuropathic OP compound exposure, NTE inhibition in brain and lymphocytes (I) as well in brain and blood (II) was studied 24 hr after dosing hens with the neuropathic OP, 0,0-dipropyl-O-dichlorvinylphosphate, PrDChVP [73,95-97] (Fig.7). NTE activity in brain and lymphocytes was determined colorimetrically and in whole blood amperometrically using the new biosensor method. 

This analysis supports the use of whole blood NTE inhibition measured by the new biosensor method as a biochemical marker for exposure to neuropathic OP compounds. Furthermore, these results indicate that whole blood NTE inhibition reflects NTE inhibition in brain [95-97],... 

Namkung, Y., Radresa, O., Armando, S., Devost, D., Beautrait, A., Le GouiU, C., et al. (2015). Quantifying biased signaling in GPCRs using BRET-based biosensors. Methods. http //dx.doi.Org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.04.010. [Epub ahead of print]. 

One of the greatest potential advantages of biosensors for these applications is the versatility, not only in the biorecognition elements, but also in the operational formats. For example, biosensor methods for the immunochemical detection of herbicides have been reported using reversible (3), regenerable (4), and disposable (5) biosensor formats. An important feature which must be considered is whether the mechanism of signal transduction allows the in situ or ex situ contact of the medium. This is particularly important for use with bioreactors which require strict adherence to sterilization protocols. Another consideration is the requirement for additional substrates, cofactors, or labeled analyte probes. This can present technical problems for potential in situ applications, especially where continuous operation is required or a sterile environment must be maintained. 

Chapters 9-16 cover the application of optical and biosensor methods for on-line monitoring and control of bioprocesses. Topics include the use of expert systems for controlling flow injection analysis systems and hybrid process modeling for bioprocess control. 

Campbell DP (2010) Planar-waveguide interferometers for chemical sensing. In Zourob M, Lakhtakia A (eds) Chemical sensors and biosensors methods and applications. Springer, Berlin, pp 55-113 Cheo PK (1985) Fibre optics devices and systems. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ... 

Rasooly, A. and Herold, K. (eds) (2009) Biosensors and Biodetection - Methods and Protocols Volume 2 Electrochemical and Mechanical Detectors, Lateral Flow and Ligands for Biosensors, Methods... 

Campanella, E., E. Martini, and M. Tomasseti, 2005. Antioxidant capacity of the algae using a biosensor method. Talanta 66 902-911. 

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