Biological kinetics

G. E. Zaikov Department of Chemical and Biological Kinetics, N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia... 

Doi R (2004) Soil bacterial community profiling with Biolog kinetic and antibiotic resistance most probable number approaches showed multidimensionality of land degradation. Int J Agri Bio 6 284-288 Doi R, Sakurai K (2003) Soil environmental factors relating to diversity of culturable soil bacterial communities in the Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Thailand. Tropics 12 185-200... 

Below the results of Sensitivity Runs with MADONNA are given from the BIOREACT example that is run as a batch fermenter system. This example involves Monod growth kinetics, as explained in Section 1.4. In this example, the sensitivity of biomass concentration X, substrate concentration S and product concentration to changes in the Monod kinetic parameter, Ks, was investigated. Qualitatively, it can be deduced that the sensitivity of the concentrations to Ks should increase as the concentration of S becomes low at the end of the batch. This is verified by the results in Fig. 2.30. The results in Fig. 2.31 give the sensitivity of biomass concentration X and substrate concentration S to another biological kinetic parameter, the yield coefficient Y, as defined in Section 1.4. 

DePaolo DJ (2004) Calcium isotopic variations produced by biological, kinetic, radiogenic and nucleosynthetic processes. Rev Mineral Geochem 55 255-288... 

Calcium Isotopic Variations Produced by Biological, Kinetic, Radiogenic and Nucleosynthetic Processes... 

Knights, A. J. University of Wales, Ph.D. thesis (1981). Determination of the biological kinetic parameters of fermenter design from batch culture data. 

Segel LA (1991) Biological kinetics. Cambridge University Press, New York... 

The modeling of membrane bioreactors is in the initial stage. There are not available more or less sophisticated mathematical tools to describe the complex biochemical processes. It is not known how the mass-transport parameters, diffusion coefficients, convective velocity, biological kinetic parameters might vary in function of the operating conditions, of the biolayer (enzyme/micro-organism membrane layer)... 

An ID fan, which minimizes leakage of polluted air, is normally used to maintain airflow through the process and to overcome the total system pressure drop, typically measured in centimeters of water. The optimum design temperature is determined by the tradeoff between solubility, which decreases with temperature, and biological kinetics, which increases. Another optimization factor is how much heating or cooling is necessary for the inlet stream. Operation is... 

Kinetics involving rapid pre-equilibrium steps finds numerous applications both within and beyond the study of enzyme kinetics. Other important examples are the theory of proton-deuterium exchange kinetics of a protein [169] and gene activation involving DNA looping [186], Because of its central importance in biological kinetics, let us provide a more complete mathematical treatment of the problem in a short digression. 

A hybrid technique of FFF and adhesion chromatography was used to study the rapid biological kinetics of cell surface adhesion of B and T lymphocytes to HA 13 surfaces. Since cell adhesion is critical in many areas, including cancer metastasis and thrombosis research, a tool for the study of adhesion kinetics is highly desired [332]. Cells [281] and yeast cells [451] were successfully separated by DEP-FFF. 

It is interesting to compare the expected rates of Mn oxidation via abiotic mechanisms with the rates expected from the biological kinetic rate law described above. Abiotic Mn oxidation rates at pH 8.03 were measured in seawater by von Langen et al. (1997) who reported a first-order rate constant of l.lxlO-6 (normalized for Po2 = 1 atm and T = 25°C). At this pH and for similar conditions, the cell concentration of L. discophora required to obtain the same rate would be only 0.30 pg/1 (Zhang et al., 2002) (i.e., approximately 3x10s cells/1). It is reasonable to assume that cell populations of Mn-oxidizing bacteria far greater than this would be possible in natural environments. Even smaller population sizes would be required to match abiotic rates (if they could be measured) at lower pH values. 

New hgands that show improved biological kinetic stability are needed to form stable Cu(ll) bifunctional complexes. For this purpose, a series of ligands that sequester radiocopper have been developed. l-N-(4-aminobenzyl)-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo(6.6.6)eicosane-l,8-diamine (SarAr, Fig-... 

I have returned to my original field, and now I am working with chemical waves and patterns. During the past four years, we have obtained a lot of interesting results. However, I would like to resume work on biological kinetics, and I believe that I will be able to do this in the rather near future. 

In these equations D represents the corresponding diffusion coefficients, and Q the permeate flow rate. The first term of each equation gives the radial dispersion and the second one corresponds to the radial convection. The authors [5.103] used in their model, a biological kinetic rate expression (cp), which was obtained by independent experiments and analysis of a batch reactor, and also made an effort to account for and correlate the permeate flow decrease with the amount of produced biomass. The simulation curves obtained matched well the experimental results in terms of permeate flow rate evolution and product concentration. One of the important aspects of the model is its ability to theoretically determine the biomass concentration profiles, and the relation between the permeate flow rate and the calculated biomass concentration in the annular volume (Fig. 5.24). Such information is important since the biomass evolution cannot be determined by any experimental methodology. 

H. D. Stensel, R. C. Loehr, and A. W. Lawrence, "Biological Kinetics of Suspended-Growth Denitrification," /, Wafer PoJfuf. Control Fed., 45 249 (1973). = G. Knowles, A. L. Downing, and M. J. Barnett, "Determination of Kinetic Constants for Nitrifying Bacteria in Mixed Culture with the Aid of an Elect rdhic Computer,"/. Gen. Microbiol., 38 263 (1965). 

Kozlov, G. V. Dolbrn, 1. V. Zaikov, G. E. Fractal Physical Chemistry of Polymer Solutions. In book Chemical and Biological Kinetics. New Horizons. V. 1. Chemical Kinetics. Ed. Burlakova, E. Shilov, A. Varfolomeev, S. Zaikov, G. Leiden, Boston, BrrU Academic Publishers, 200S, 448-483. 

Therefore, we may safely generalize the chemical-biological kinetics in terms of the general rate of biological uptake jS while respecting the chemical... 

Heinzle, E Meyer, B Oezemre, A., Dunn, I.J. (1998) A Microreactor with On-line Mass Spectrometry for the Investigation of Biological Kinetics. In Ehrfeld, W. (ed.) Microreaction Technology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 267-274. 

Burlakova, E. B. Bioantioxidants yesterday, today, tomorrow/ in Chemical and Biological Kinetics. New Horizons. Biological Kinetics. Eds. Burlakova E.B., Varfolomeev S.D. Leden. Boston VSP, 2005, 2,1-33. 

Much of the interest in using predictive modeling of human Pb exposures concerns mechanistic, i.e., biokinetic, models. Biokinetic models differ from site-specific or multisite ad hoc/slope factor models in a number of important ways. Eirst, they are constructed (by definition) within a computational and biological/kinetic framework. That framework specifies inclusion of all identified parameters representing mechanisms by which environmental Pb is deposited in and removed from human organs and tissues. Mechanistic models are structured to be much more complex than the regression models... 

One factor has not yet been considered, namely, the need for the radionuchde to be chemically suitable for incorporating into a pharmaceutical without changing its biological kinetics. This is not a trivial problem as the elements most suitable chentically, such as carbon and lutrogen, do not emit suitable radiation. It is due to the ingenuity of the radiochentist that it has been proven possible to label... 

G.V. Kozlov, G.E. Zaikov and Y.S. Lipatov in Chemical and Biological Kinetics, New Horizons, Eds., E.B. Burlakova, A.E. Shilov, S.D. Varfolomeev and G.E. Zaikov, Volume 1, Chemical Kinetics, Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden-Boston, 2005, p.484. 

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