Biogenic emission inventories

Zimmerman, P. R. Testing for hydrocarbon emissions from vegetation leaf litter and aquatic surfaces, and development of a methodology for compiling biogenic emission inventories. PA Report 450/4-4-79-004, Environmental Protection Agency, 1979. 

Zimmerman P (1979) Testing of hydrocarbon emissions from vegetation, leaf litter and aquatic surfaces and development of a method for compiling biogenic emissions inventories. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-450-4-70-004... 

Pierce TE, Waldmff PS (1991) Pc-Beis - a personal-computer version of the biogenic emissions inventory system. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 41 937-941... 

Lamb, B D. Gay, H. Westberg, and T. Pierce, A Biogenic Hydrocarbon Emission Inventory for the U.S.A. Using a Simple Forest Canopy Model, Atmos. Environ., 27, 1673-1690 (1993). 

Benjamin, M. T., M. Sudol, D. Vorsatz, and A. M. Winer, A Spatially and Temporally Resolved Biogenic Hydrocarbon Emissions Inventory for the California South Coast Air Basin, Atmos. Environ., 31, 3087-3100(1997). 

A U. S. national biogenic sulfur emissions inventory with county spatial and monthly temporal scales has been developed using temperature dependent emission algorithms and available biomass, land use and climatic data. Emissions of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), carbonyl sulfide (COS), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon disulfide (CS2), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were estimated for natural sources which include water and soil surfaces, deciduous and coniferous leaf biomass, and agricultural crops. The best estimate of 16100 MT of sulfur per year was predicted with emission algorithms developed from emission rate data reported by Lamb et al. (1) and is a factor of 22 lower than an upper bound estimate based on data reported by Adams et al. 

GUENTHER ETAL VS. National Biogenic Sulfur Emissions Inventory... 

Biogenic VOC and NO emissions are calculated on-line based on land use data, simulated surface temperature and radiation. Anthropogenic emissions of primary pollutants, like NOx, SO2, and hydrocarbons, as well as emissions of primary particulate matter have to be supplied either at hourly intervals or as yearly data from gridded emission inventories. Validation studies with MCCM have shown its ability to reproduce observed meteorological quantities and pollutant concentrations for different conditions and regions of the Earth (Forkel and Knoche 2006 Forkel et al. 2004 Grell et al. 1998, 2000 JazcUevich et al. 2003 Kim and Stockwell 2007 Suppan and Skouloudis 2003 Suppan and Schadler 2004 Suppan 2010). 

In an international effort, the Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory (Keene et al., 1999, and references therein) was compiled which includes chlorine emissions from the following four source-type classes (i) oceanic and terrestrial biogenic emissions (ii) sea salt aerosol production and dechlorination (iii) biomass burning and (iv) exclusively anthropogenic sources like industry, fossil fuel combustion, and incineration. They provide numbers from atmospheric burdens and fluxes for the individual species and sources. 

Lamb, B., Gay, D., Westberg, H., and Pierce, T. (1993) A biogenic hydrocarbon emission inventory for the U.S.A. using a simple forest canopy model, Atmos. Environ. 27A, 1673-1690. 

Emission inventory Mobile sources Stationary sources Area sources Biogenic sources... 

The current MCM describes the degradation of methane and 135 of the main VOCs emitted in the U.K., based on the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (see chapter I). It also includes reactions of inorganic species. It contains 13,500 reactions involving 5,900 species. Most of the emitted species included are of anthropogenic origin. Four biogenic compounds are currently included isoprene, a- and /3-pinene and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, but plans are in hand to include further such compounds. 

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