Cytotoxicity bioassay

Indirect measurement (bioassay) Mouse bioassay Mouse bioassay Neuroblastoma assay (Truman et at, 2002) Mouse bioassay Protein-phosphatase inhibition assay (Mountfort et at, 2001) Mouse bioassay Cytotoxicity assay (Flanagan et at, 2001) Mouse bioassay Neuroblastoma assay (Matta et at, 2002)... 

Bioassays of a considerable number of drugs embodying a combination of porphyrin and cis-platin moieties in the same molecule have led to compound (43) in vitro and in vivo studies on this compound showed a phototoxicity which was additive to the cytotoxic effect of the platinum moiety.190-193... 

Before further testing and to confirm that the compounds are cytotoxic rather than merely interfering with the Alamar blue indicator dye, they are re-bioassayed using two other indicator dyes. Calcein-AM is a fluorescent dye that measures changes in cell mem brane permeability, an indicator for one of the penultimate steps of cell death, uci e e measures the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis in a chemilurmne assay. For some compounds, cell death was also confirmed by microscopic exami Papanicolaou-stained cell preparations.11... 

Microbial mutagenesis Cytotoxicity Fish acute toxicity Algal bioassay Soil microcosm Plant stress ethylene... 

Alternatively (or initially) the mixture is treated as a whole and tested in its crude state. The advantage of this strategy includes the relevancy of the tested sample to its environmental counterpart, decreased potential for artefact formation, and inclusion of combined effects of chemicals in the mixture. Moreover if the mixture is representative of others in its class (e.g., diesel emissions from different sources would share certain characteristics), it may be possible to extrapolate results across samples. This method also circumvents the labor-intensive process of individual testing of multiple chemicals. But sometimes a complex mixture is too cytotoxic to be tested directly in a bioassay. Furthermore, it may be incompatible with the test system because of the physical matrix. Other disadvantages include the inability to specify the constituent of the mixture responsible for the toxicity, as well as potential masking effects (e.g., the masking of mutagenicity by cytotoxicity). 

Sodium borate tested negatively in the Ames bioassay but was found to be cytotoxic to cultured human fibroblasts."... 

At Virginia Tech bioassays were carried out using four different yeast strains, obtained from BMS Pharmaceutical Research Institute, and designed to detect potential anticancer agents that act as inhibitors of the enzymes topoisomerase I or topoisomerase II, or as cytotoxic agents by some other mechanism. Because of the use of yeasts as the assay organism,... 

This as yet unidentified plant has yielded a small amount of a potently active compound in the 1138 yeast bioassay this has been submitted to the National Cancer Institute for bioassay in the 60-cell line assay. The active material has been identified as the known alkaloid cryp-tolepine (30) cryptolepine had an IC50 value of 5.8 fig/ml in the M109 cytotoxicity assay. 

In our continuing search for potential anticancer agents, GL331 (4), which is currently in Phase Ha clinical trials, highlights our current study. However, in all, over the last several years, we have found more than 100 new cytotoxic antitumor compounds and their analogs with confirmed activity in the NCI in vitro human tumor cell lines bioassay. These compounds are of current interest to NCI for further in vivo evaluation and to us for further... 

Extracts of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids have long been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of illnesses. As early as the fourth century B.C., Hippocrates had reputedly advised the use of preparations of Amaryllidaceae plants to control uterine tumours [157]. More recently, a systematic bioassay of these alkaloids of different structural types has revealed a diversity of interesting biological properties. Thus, (+)-pretazettine (369) [158,159], and ungeremine (182) [160] show anti-leukemic activity. Cytotoxicity was observed for (-)-lycorine (245) [161], (-)-pseudolycorine (574) [162], 6-a-hydroxycrinamine (575) [163],... 

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