Bio-Rad

Chemists have been used to drawing chemical structures for more than a hundred years. Nowadays, structures are not only drawn on papei but they are also available in electronic form on a computer for publications, for presentations, or for the input and outptit with computer programs. For these applications, well-known software such as ISIS/Draw (MDL [31] or ChemWindow (Bio-Rad Sadtier [32]) arc used (see Section 2,12), The structures generated with these programs arc... 

ChcmWindow is a commercial editor available in the Sadtlcr Suite (Bio-Rad Sadtlcr, formerly SoftSlicll), which contains the additional modules SymApps (3D rendering), Database Building, and KnowltAll Informatics System (the last two arc primarily tools for analysing spectra). 

KnowItAll Bio-Rad s SadtlerT software database solutions for spectroscopy numeric IR, NMR, MS, NIR, and Raman data Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. commercial CD-ROM periodi- cally www.bio-rad.- com... 

Commercial implementations of this general approach are ACD/I-Lab [36], Specinfo (Chemical Concepts) [37], WINNMR (Bruker), and KnowItAll (Bio-Rad) [38]. Figure 10.2-3 shows the workspace generated by ACD/I-Lab after predicting a H NMR spectrum. ACD calculations are currently based on over 1 200 000 experimental chemical shifts and 320 000 experimental coupling constants [36]. 

H.F. Schaefer III, P. R. Schreiner (Eds.), John Wiley Sons, Chichester, 1998, pp. 1845-1857. pq ACD/lLab - Interactive Laboratory, http //wwiv.acdlab5.com/ilab p7] Chemical Concepts (Whey-VCH), http //www.chemicalconcepts.com p ] Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., kttp //wmv.bio-rad.com P9] M. Tusar, L. Tusar, S. Bohanec,... 

Bio-Rex is the trade name for certain resins sold by Bio-Rad Laboratories. 

Standard Proton NMR Collection, Sadder Research Laboratories, Division of Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa., 1980. 

CF3COOH, r-BuOH, 20°, 2-30 min, then Bio-Rad 1x2 (OH ) resin.These conditions were used to cleave the trityl group from the 5 -hydroxyl of a nucleoside. Bio-Rad resin neutralizes the hydrolysis and minimizes cleavage of,glycosyl bonds. 

Interleukin (from human source). Purified using lyophilisation and desalting on a Bio-Rad P-6DC desalting gel, then two steps of HPLC, first with hydroxylapatite, followed by a TSK-125 size exclusion column. [Kock and Luger J Chromatogr 296 293 7984 ]... 

I am grateful to Drs. P. C. Andrews and Maria lice Silvestre for permission to include their data in this chapter. Some of these data were presented previously as poster 110,10th ISPPP (Wiesbaden, October 1990). Bio-Gel is a trademark of Bio-Rad Corp. Sephadex and Superdex are trademarks of Pharmacia Biotech. TSK-GEL is a trademark of Tosoh Gorp. PolyHYDROXYETHYL Aspar-tamide and PolyHYDROXYETHYL A are trademarks of PolyLG Inc. 

Bio-Gel P materials of Bio-Rad are polyacrylamide beads (45-90 fim in diameter) prepared from copolymerization of acrylamide and N,N -methylenebis-... 

TABLE 16.8 Producers (Bio-Rad) Specification of Fractionation Ranges of Polyacrylamide-Based Bio-Gel P Gels... 

A primary amine, protected by reaction of the amine with cyclopentadiene and formaldehyde (H2O, rt, 3 h), is cleaved by trapping cyclopentadiene with A -methylmaleimide (H2O, 2.5 h, 23-50°, 61-97% yield), CUSO4 (EtOH or MeOH, 70°, 74-99%), or Bio-Rad AG 50W-X2 acid ion-exchange resin, 82-98% yield. ... 

New types of ion exchange resins have also been developed to meet the specific needs of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Chapter 8). These include pellicular resins and microparticle packings (e.g. the Aminex-type resins produced by Bio-Rad). A review of the care, use and application of the various ion exchange packings available for HPLC is given in Ref. 19. 

Type Duolite International Ltd Rohm Haas Co., USA Dow Chemical Co., USA Bio-Rad Labs Ltd, Watford, UK... 

The solution is dialyzed against the same buffer using a hollow fiber assembly, and then added onto a column of Affi-Gel Blue (50-100 mesh, 2 x 15 cm, Bio-Rad) prepared with the same buffer. The column is washed with the same buffer. Then luciferase is eluted with 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.5, containing 5mM EDTA, 3 mM DTT, and 0.5 M NaCl (Hastings and Dunlap, 1986, state that it may be preferable to omit the Affi-Gel step because of difficulties encountered). 

The concentrated luciferase solution is dialyzed overnight against 4 liters of 1 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.5, containing, 0.1 mM EDTA and 3 mM DTT. Then luciferase is further purified on a column of DEAE-BioGel A (1 x 25 cm, Bio-Rad) by elution with a linear increase of NaCl from 0 to 100 mM in the same buffer as that used in dialysis. The purified luciferase had a specific activity (based on initial maximum intensity) of approximately 8.5 x 1014 quanta sec 1mD1Aj810. 

The checkers used beads of chloromethylated polymer available from Bio. Rad. Laboratories, Richmond, California (Bio Beads S-X2). Chlorine analysis (Note 3) showed that the resin contained 1.06 milli-equivalents of chlorine per gram, as specified by the manufacturer. 

Dichlorodibenzo- -dioxin. 2-Bromo-4-chlorophenol (31 grams, 0.15 mole) and solid potassium hydroxide (8.4 grams, 0.13 mole) were dissolved in methanol and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was mixed with 50 ml of bEEE, 0.5 ml of ethylene diacetate, and 200 mg of copper catalyst. The turbid mixture was stirred and heated at 200°C for 15 hours. Cooling produced a thick slurry which was transferred into the 500-ml reservoir of a liquid chromatographic column (1.5 X 25 cm) packed with acetate ion exchange resin (Bio-Rad, AG1-X2, 200-400 mesh). The product was eluted from the column with 3 liters of chloroform. After evaporation, the residue was heated at 170°C/2 mm for 14 hours in a 300-cc Nestor-Faust sublimer. The identity of the sublimed product (14 grams, 74% yield) was confirmed by mass spectrometry and x-ray diffraction. Product purity was estimated at 99- -% by GLC (electron capture detector). 

Analyses were performed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Gel filtration of oligosaccharides was effected in a thermostated (65 <>C) column (210 X 1.5 i.d.) filled with polycrylamide gel (Bio-gel P2, 200-400 mesh Bio Rad-USA), using stilled water as eluent (flow rate 30 ml.h-1). 

The partially hydrolysed material was fractionated by size exclusion chromatography on a Bio Gel PIO (Bio Rad) column (2,6 x 90 cm) and eluted with 50 mM ammonium hydrogen carbonate at 20 ml/h and fractions of 3.2 ml each were collected. Fractions 45-70 were pooled and subjected to HPAEC-PAD for further separation. 

Rapidase C-80 (Gist -brocades) was used as enzyme source. The fractionation procedure of the crude preparation included chromatography on Bio-Gel PIO (100-200 mesh), DEAE-Bio-Gel A, and Bio-Gel HTP (Bio-Rad, Richmond, CA, USA). Other column materials used were cross-linked alginate (degree of cross-linking 2.34, prepared in our laboratory). Phenyl Superose HR 5/5 and Mono Q HR 5/5 (Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden). 

The protein content was determined using a commercial assay kit (Bio-Rad Protein Assay kit) with Bovine Serum Albumin as standard, following the procedure described by Bradford [13]. 

Bio-Beads S-X3, 200-400 mesh (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Munich, Germany) Cyclohexane, for residue analysis Ethyl acetate, for residue analysis... 

A complete post-column LC system for the analysis of oxime carbamates using this approach is commercially available (Pickering Laboratories). Alternative post-column hydrolysis conditions 50 X 4.0-mm i.d., 15 p.m, Aminex A-27 column (Bio-Rad), 120°C. 

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge, LC Si 2-g, 12-mL (Supelco), or equivalent ABC Laboratories Model SP 1000 gel permeation chromatograph system equipped with a 2.5 x 32.0 cm glass column of Bio-Beads S-X3 Select 200-400 mesh (ca 50 g, Bio-Rad Laboratories) preconditioned with ethyl acetate-cyclohexane (1 1, v/v), or equivalent... 

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