Billion cubic feet

Production of hydrogen in the U.S. alone now amounts to about 3 billion cubic feet per year. Hydrogen is prepared by... 

The approximate production of chemicals from a synthesis capacity equivalent to an annual processing of 500 billion cubic feet of natural gas is also shown in Table III and is there compared with the estimated production of the same chemicals in 1948. Even with such a large output, some of the chemicals now in high demand would be salable with only slight dislocations for marginal producers. Others would, of course, have a serious impact on present markets until substantial new outlets were developed. It seems reasonable to expect, however, that with new synthetic products being developed continually, all the chemicals could, in time, be marketed profitably. 

Natural resources within any major salt basin are an ever-present potential. In preliminary siting of WIPP, known hydrocarbon trends and potash deposits were avoided by the three-square mile repository area. Some potash and potentially some hydrocarbons exist within the buffer zones established for WIPP. The estimated amount of these resources, which may be denied by WIPP, are 13.1 million tons of potash product (K2O) 23.5 billion cubic feet of gas and 42.5 thousand barrels of oil. Many of these resources may not be... 

With increasing incentives because of natuial gas pricing iNalural Gas Policy Act of 1978). several firms have plans to drill and develop nearly 250 deep Wells, from which 2.8 billion cubic feet of acidic gas per day would he produced. Il private developers elect not to conserve the helium from this project (Rilev Ridge Natural Gas Project), it is estimated that about 5 billion cubic feet of He would be vented to the atmosphere each year. 

Table 2 Caspian Sea Region Natural Gas Production and Exports (billion cubic feet per year)...

Bcfe One billion cubic feet of natural gas equivalent. 

From billion cubic meters NG billion cubic feet NG million tonnes oil equivalent million tonnes LNG trillion British thermal units million barrels oil equivalent... 

Today, the United States is using some 9 billion cubic feet of H2 a day in the petrochemical, food, and rocket propulsion industries. Around 98% of the bulk H2 is produced by steam reformation of natural gas (e.g., methane). Methane is reacted with water vapor over a catalyst to form carbon monoxide (CO) and H2. H2 can also be made from ethanol (alcohol), biomass, fossil fuels, or organic waste by the process of "reforming." Most of the currently operating H2 production plants depend on reforming natural gas. This is a process that emits C02 while consuming a nonrenewable fossil... 

Safety is another important consideration. The experience gained by the daily production, transportation, and use of 9 billion cubic feet of H2 (in the United States) in space exploration and other industries made the storage, transportation, and handling of H2 reasonably safe. The design of hydrogen... 

The DOE had announced that this was a synthetic fuel commercialization project it would strongly support. So what has happened After public hearings, the F.E.R.C. staff filed a 24-page motion with the Administrative Law Judge to dismiss the case with prejudice. The principal problems in this case, are the high capital cost, and the high initial gas price and - as it will be in all synthetic gas cases - who will take the financial risk. And that case was only for production of 40 billion cubic feet of gas a year, 2/10 of one percent of the current U.S. consumption. (The U.S. consumption is about 20 trillion cubic feet a year). 

The liquid hydrogen trailers are also designed and constructed to meet the rigors of highway operations and the conditions encountered daily while transporting seven (7) billion cubic feet of liquid hydrogen across the country per year. 

Perhaps the most compelling statistic is that between 1990 and 2000, methane emissions from natural gas operations decreased even though natural gas consumption increased (Table G-2). Clearly, improvements are being made to reduce losses from natural gas operations. For example, the EPA says that a voluntary program with industry, the Natural Gas STAR Program,13 has reduced methane emissions by 216 billion cubic feet (Bcf) since its inception in 1993. 

Pipeline Imports. During 1970 net imports of natural gas to the United States from Canada and Mexico amounted to 794.5 billion cubic feet (Bcf). Of this amount, net imports from Mexico were only 26.7 Bcf. There appears to be little reason to expect any substantial increase in imports from Mexico chiefly because of Mexico s relatively small undiscovered gas potential. There are prospects for increased overland imports of gas from Canada, however, which depend in large measure upon the timely development of gas reserves in excess of those required to satisfy Canadas future internal requirements. 

The major reservoirs of natural CO occur around the Permian Basin area. Sheep Mountain, in southeastern Colorado is estimated to contain one trillion cubic feet (TCF) of CO2 of 97% purity. Productive capacity is approximately 300 MCF per day. Other important sources include Brano Dome in New Mexico with reserves of 5 TCF and with total productive capacity of approximately 350 MCF per day. The McElmo Dome has reserves of greater than 8 TCF (97% purity) of the same productive capacity as the Brano Dome Unit. The potential for the McElmo Dome is believed to be approximately 1 billion cubic feet per day. In addition, other units include Jackson Dome, Mississippi (1 TCF proven) and the LaBrage area of southwestern Wyoming which is believed to have reserves in excess of 20 TCF. These data, based on the 1984 National Petroleum Council study of enhanced oil recovery, indicate that the aggregate supply is approximately 2 billion cubic feet per day. 

As a result of the shift reaction, significant quantities of CO2 are produced during the process, which can be coupled with urea plants to use the CO captively. U.S. ammonia plants have nearly 18 million tons of capacity corresponding to a CO production rate of approximately 1 billion cubic feet per day. This (when subtracted from CO use for urea) translate into an availability of approximately 800 MCF per day. Only about 3.5 million metric tons actually reach the market. 

To generate a high purity hydrogen product, the CO stream, after moisture removal, is either vent or soTd. Approximately 25 SCF of COp are produced for every 100 SCF of hydrogen. At a total U.S. capacity of approximately 2 billion cubic feet per day of hydrogen and approximately 550 MCF per day of CO can be produced. 

Coal-fired power plants have CO exhaust content ranging from approximately 23,000 to 43,000 SCF/ton of coal. Oil-and Gas-fired Power Plants, produce approximately 10 billion cubic feet per day. 

In that industrial territory along the banks of the Rhine are a number of large chemical plants producing basic chemicals that go into aspirin, food additives, dyes, fertilizers, plastics, and fibers. A dozen of these plants have the distinction of being linked to the world s oldest hydrogen pipeline network, and one of the most extensive a 130-mile system of buried steel pipelines wrapped in bitumen and plastic that traverses cities, crosses the Rhine in two places, and transports more than 10.6 billion cubic feet of... 

The total dry natural gas production in the United States during April 1995 was an estimated 1.6 trillion cubic feet, 1% higher than the production during the previous April. However, consumption of natural and supplemental gas in April 1995 was 1.7 trillion cubic feet, 5% above the level in April 1994. Imports of natural gas in April 1995 were 225 billion cubic feet, 10% higher than imports in April 1994. Stocks of working gas (gas available for withdrawal) in underground natural gas storage reservoirs at the end of April 1995 totaled 1.4 trillion cubit feet, 17% above the previous year s level. 

For the 20-yr period, the yearly gross withdrawals changed between 18,659 (1983) and 24,067 (1973) billion cubic feet. 

Table 1.5 United States Natural Gas Production (Billion Cubic Feet)...

NOVA, AN ALBERTA CORPORATION owns and operates a natural gas transmission system in the Province of Alberta and handles more than 75 percent of the Canadian gas sold in North America. As of December 31, 1985, NOVA s Alberta Gas Transmission Division recorded receipts of 2.25 trilhon cubic feet with an average of 6.2 billion cubic feet being moved per day. NOVA s system consists of 756 receipt and major delivery metering points connected by 8,559 miles of pipeline. 

Natural gas increased by 8 billion cubic feet/year... 

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