Benzoic acid Sodium benzoate

Derived agents such as benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, and propionic acid, some of them having been used in edible coatings. Zeolites have also been incorporated in packages to release ions, or enzymes able to release antimicrobials as hydrogen peroxide. 

Sodium and potassium benzoate are employed in a wide range of preservative appHcations because they provide an effective combination of antimicrobial action, low cost, and safety. Although sodium and potassium benzoate are the preservatives offered in the marketplace, the actual active ingredient being sold is free (or undissociated) benzoic acid. The benzoate ion has essentially no antimicrobial properties. Since it is the undissociated (free) benzoic acid that provides the antimicrobial action, sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate are recommended for use in appHcation areas where the pH is at 4.5 or lower (Table 8). 

The sodinm salt of benzoic acid, sodinm benzoate, is a very commonly employed preservative. Let s pause here for a moment to re-emphasize an important point biological activity is a sensitive fnnction of chemical structure. Benzene, the parent molecule of benzoic acid, is a serions toxin in contrast, the sodium salt of benzoic acid is sufficiently safe to be added, in modest amounts, to a great many foodstnffs. The addition of the carboxyl gronp to benzene has created a far safer molecnle. 

SYNS ANTIMOL BENZOATE of SODA BENZOATE SODIUM BENZOESAEURE (NA-SALZ) (GER. UN) BENZOIC ACID, SODIUM SALT SOBENATE SODIUM BENZOIC ACID... 

The bacteriological stability of guar gum dispersions may be improved by the addition of a mixture of 0.15% methylpar-aben and 0.02% propylparaben as a preservative. In food applications, benzoic acid, citric acid, sodium benzoate, or sorbic acid may be used. 

Benzoic acid sodium salt benzoate of soda E211 natrium benzoicum sobenate sodii benzoas sodium benzoic acid. 

Sodium benzoate Benzoic acid, sodium salt 532-32-1... 

Note that the salt of a carboxylic acid is named by replacing the -ic acid suffix with -ate. Thus acetic acid becomes acetate, and benzoic acid becomes benzoate. This name is preceded by the name of the appropriate cation, sodium in the examples above. 

AI3-07835 Antimol Benzoan sodny Benzoate of soda Benzoate sodium Benzoesaure (Na-salz) Benzoic acid, sodium salt Casweil No. 746 CCRIS 3921 EINECS 208-534-8 EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009103 FEMA Number 3025 HSDB 696 Natrium benzoioum Sobenate Sodium benzoate Ucephan. Used as a fungicide preservative in pharmaceuticals and foods, especially in slightly acidic media as a clinical reagent (bilirubin assay). Solid mp >300° 4m = 223, 269 nm (H2O) soluble in H2O LDsO (rat orl) = 4,07 g/kg. Acefo Corp. Dinoval DSM Spec. Prods, Haarmann i Reimer GmbH Mallinckrodt Inc. Pentagon Chems. Ltd. 

Benzoic acid, sodium salt sodium benzoate 2208, 2896 174a, 174b... 

Benzoic acid, 4-(((ethylphenylamino) methylene) amino)-, ethyl ester. See N-(p-Ethoxycarbonylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-phenylformamidine Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl) phenyl ester. See p-t-Butylphenyl salicylate Benzoic acid nitrile. See Benzonitrile Benzoic acid sodium salt. See Sodium benzoate Benzoic acid, tetraester with 2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol Benzoic acid, tetraester with pentaerythritol. See Pentaerythrityl tetrabenzoate... 

Synonyms Benzoate of soda Benzoate sodium Benzoic acid sodium salt Sodium benzoic acid Classification Aromatic carboxylic acid salt Definition Sodium salt of benzoic acid Empirical CjHsNaOj Formula CsHsCOONa... 

Benzoic acid sodium salt. See Sodium benzoate... 

Synonyms ((o-Carboxyphenyl) thio) ethylmercury sodium salt Ethyl (2-mercaptobenzoato-S) mercury, sodium salt 2-(Ethylmercuriomercapto) benzoic acid sodium salt o-(Ethylmercurithio) benzoic acid sodium salt Ethylmercurithiosalicylic acid sodium salt Ethyl (sodium o-mercaptobenzoato) mercury Mercurothiolate Mercury, ethyl(2-mercaptobenzoato-S)-, sodium salt Merthiolate Merthiolate sodium Sodium ethylmercuric thiosalicylate Sodium-o-(ethylmercurithio) benzoate Sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate Sodium ethylmercury thiosalicylate Sodium merthiolate... 

Rosene and Manes studied the effect of pH on the total adsorption from aqueous solutions of sodium benzoate + benzoic acid by activated charcoal. They interpreted their data in terms of the Polanyi potential theory applied to bisolute adsorption (see later p. 117), in which the concentrations of neutral benzoic acid and benzoate anions depend on the pH of the solution (activity coefficient corrections were ignored). They confirmed that, at constant total equilibrium concentration, the adsorption dropped from a relatively high plateau for pH <2 down to a small adsorption at pH >10. The analysis of results is somewhat more complex than with essentially non-electrolyte adsorption, and in this case there were additional effects involving chemisorption of benzoate ion by residual ash in the carbon which had, therefore, to be eliminated. Even with ash-extracted carbon there was evidence of some residual chemisorption. The theoretical analysis correlated satisfactorily with the experimental data on the basis that at pH >10 sodium benzoate is not physically adsorbed and that the effect of pH is completely accounted for by its effect on the concentration of free acid. In addition the theory explains successfully the increase in pH (called by the authors hydrolytic adsorption ) when solutions of sodium benzoate are treated with neutral carbon. However, no account is taken in this paper of the effect of pH on the surface charge of the carbon. 

An organic MTBE solution is extracted with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. This base removes benzoic acid as benzoate but leaves non-acidic benzil (yellow) behind in the upper organic phase. 

Benzoic acid, octadecyi ester. See Stearyi benzoate Benzoic acid, 2-octyidodecyi ester. See Octyidodecyi benzoate Benzoic acid sodium sait. See Sodium benzoate... 

Synonyms Benzoate of soda Benzoate sodium Benzoic acid sodium salt Sodium benzoic acid... 

Much of the benzoic acid produced is converted to sodium benzoate, which is used as a food preservative (as is the acid) and a corrosion inhibi tor. Other important uses of the acid are in the manufacture of alkyd resins, plasticizers, caprolactam, dyestuffs and pharmaceuticals. 

Benzoates. Alcohols react with benzoyl chloride in the presence of pyridine or of sodium hydroxide solution to produce esters of benzoic acid ... 

Benzoates. Dissolve 0-5 g. of the amino acid in 10 ml. of 10 per cent, sodium bicarbonate solution and add 1 g. of benzoyl chloride. Shake the mixture vigorously in a stoppered test-tube remove the stopper from time to time since carbon dioxide is evolved. When the odour of benzoyl chloride has disappeared, acidify with dilute hydrochloric acid to Congo red and filter. Extract the solid with a little cold ether to remove any benzoic acid which may be present. RecrystaUise the benzoyl derivative which remains from hot water or from dilute alcohol. 

Benzoic Acid. Ben2oic acid is manufactured from toluene by oxidation in the liquid phase using air and a cobalt catalyst. Typical conditions are 308—790 kPa (30—100 psi) and 130—160°C. The cmde product is purified by distillation, crystallization, or both. Yields are generally >90 mol%, and product purity is generally >99%. Kalama Chemical Company, the largest producer, converts about half of its production to phenol, but most producers consider the most economic process for phenol to be peroxidation of cumene. Other uses of benzoic acid are for the manufacture of benzoyl chloride, of plasticizers such as butyl benzoate, and of sodium benzoate for use in preservatives. In Italy, Snia Viscosa uses benzoic acid as raw material for the production of caprolactam, and subsequendy nylon-6, by the sequence shown below. 

The growth of demand for benzoic acid is expected to increase at a rate of between 1 and 2% per year (17). Glycol dibenzoate plasticizers have been growing at close to 10% annually for the past several years, in part due to environmental concerns with regard to phthalate plasticizers (qv). The growth of the diet soft drink market has increased the demand for sodium and potassium benzoates (17). 

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