Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene BTEX

T0025 Akzo Nobel MPP Systems, Macro Porous Polymer (MPP) 

T0755 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction—General T0779 Terra Vac, Inc., Vacuum Extraction 

TOOll Advanced Microbial Solutions, SuperBio T0021 Aeromix Systems, Inc., BREEZE T0024 Air Stripping—General 

T0027 AlliedSignal Environmental Systems and Services, Inc., Biological Air Treatment (BAT) System 

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They reported that most of bacteria for removing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) may have a high biological activity in a weak basic environment. 

Yadav JS, CA Reddy (1993) Degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) by the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 59 756-762. 

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has identified several hundred MTBE-contaminated sites that have performed treatment of soil and groundwater to remove or destroy MTBE.1 Many of these sites have also treated other fuel components, primarily benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), and some have treated fuel oxygenates other than MTBE. Although others have reported about treatment technologies for MTBE cleanup,2 only limited information has been published about cleanup of other oxygenates. These oxygenates include ether compounds, such as ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), and tert-amyl ethyl ether (TAEE), as well as alcohol compounds, such as tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), tert-amyl alcohol (TAA), ethanol, and methanol. 

Jaynes WF, Vance GF (1999) Sorption of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) compounds by hectorite clays exchanged with aromatic organic cations. Clays Clay Miner 47 358-365 Johnston CT, De Oliveira MF, Teppen BJ, Sheng G, Boyd SA (2001) Spectroscopic study of nitroaromatic-smectite sorption mechanisms. Environ Sci Technol 35 4767-4772... 

Environmental issues associated with the subsurface release of petroleum hydrocarbons and other organics fall into four areas (1) vapors (Figure 1.5), (2) impacted soils, (3) the presence of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), and (4) dissolved constituents (i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), and other components) in groundwater. 

Condensate release might be equated to the release of volatile constituents but are often named as such because of the specific constituents of the condensate, often with some reference to the gas condensate that is produced by certain petroleum and natural gas wells. However, the condensate is often restricted to the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) family of compounds. 

At a former manufactured gas plant, 3 million gallons of wastewater contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) oil benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and heavy metals were treated using an organoclay treatment train. The system consisted of an oil/water separator bag filters 9000 lb of organoclay and 6000 lb of GAC. Treatment costs were approximately 0.12/gal of treated water (D21556F, p. 12 D17268T, p. 29). 

The Ecolotree buffer uses phytoremediation, or plant processes, for environmental remediation purposes. Ecolotree buffers can be used to reduce the migration of subsurface water and surface runoff, while also acting as an in situ remediation technique for both organic and heavy-metal contaminants, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) chlorinated solvents ammunition wastes and excess nutrients in soil or water. The technology is commercially available and has been used at landfill and waste treatment sites. 

VESTRIP is a system designed for the in situ treatment of soils contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and other contaminants that are amenable to soil vapor extraction (SVE). The vendor, Ejector Systems, Inc. (ESI) has combined the key components of SVE systems with an air stripper to form a product that performs the functions of both. The name, VESTRIP, is a contraction of VES (vapor extraction system) and air stripping. 

ISOTEC is a technology that uses the periodic injection of hydrogen peroxide and proprietary catalysts to oxidize organic contaminants in situ. According to the vendor, this technology can treat soil and groundwater contaminated with chlorinated compounds, petroleum hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), trichloroethene (TCE), tetrachloroethene (PCE), pesticides, herbicides, as well as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX). The ISOTEC technology is commercially available. 

The technology is applicable to chlorinated and nonchlorinated VOCs methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) dichloroethylene (DCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), and tetrachloroethylene (per-chloroethylene, PCE) dichloroethane (DCA) vinyl chloride alcohols ethers ketones and halogenated and nonhalogenated paraffinic, olefinic, aliphatic, and aromatic hydrocarbons. It is very effective at treating benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds and any oxygenate, such as acetone or isopropanol. 

Researchers at Lehigh University have investigated the ability of ground tire rubber to sorb organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) to determine the feasibility of using the rubber as the sorbent media in reactive permeable barrier systems. Thus far, no field-scale work has been performed on this technology. Both batch and packed-bed column tests have been conducted. All information is from the researchers and has not been independently verified. 

MARCOR Environmental, Inc. s, Advanced Chemical Treatment (ACT) is a chemical fixation method for the treatment of contaminated soils, sediments, and sludges. The vendor claims that by mixing contaminated materials with ACT reagents, the contaminants are oxidized, catalyzed, and mineralized. Target contaminants may include coal tar wastes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) chromium copper and lead. 

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