Benzene/ethylbenzene mixture

The adsorption isosteres for ethylbenzene (see Figure 18), adsorbed from a benzene/ethylbenzene mixture into H-ZSM-5, provided isosteric heats of... 

FVP of styrene at 850 °C gives benzene, ethylbenzene, naphthalene and other minor hydrocarbon products, while a mixture of isomeric methyl cyclohexa-1,3-dienes is converted under similar conditions mainly into benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene33. A vinylcyclopropane rearrangement occurs on FVP of 48 at 600 °C to give the cis fused cyclopentanone 49 and this product may also be prepared by FVP of the 1,4-diene 5034. The highly reactive 1,6-azulylene 52 can be generated by reversible dedimerization of the... 

Laali et al.234 have developed a method to the highly selective pura-adamantylation of arenes (toluene, ethylbenzene, anisole) with haloadamantanes (1-chloro- and 1-bromoadamantane, l-bromo-3,5,7-trimethyladamantane) and 1-adamantanol promoted by triflic acid in butylmethylimidazolium triflate [BMIM][OTf] ionic liquid. In contrast to reactions mn in 1,2-dichloroethane, little or no adamantane byproduct was detected in [BMIM][OTf. Furthermore, no isomerization of para-tolyladamantane was observed supporting the intramolecular nature of the formation of meta isomers. In competitive experiments with benzene-toluene mixture (1 1 molar ratio), high substrate selectivities were found (kT/kB = 16-17) irrespective of the alkylating agent. This is in sharp contrast to values about unity measured in 1,2-dichloroethane. 

The by-product benzene plus toluene and the fuel gas rates are calculated, from Eqs. (2) and (3), to be 5.2 and 3.6 lb/h, respectively. The raw materials and product values can be compared again. The benzene-toluene mixture is valued at 0.10/lb and the fuel gas at 0.18/lb (both based on heating value) condensed water has no value. The value of the feeds, ethylbenzene and steam, is 33.54/104 lb of styrene. The value of the product plus the by-products and fuel gas is 44.84/104 lb of styrene. The value of the outputs still exceeds that of the inputs, but the margin has narrowed. 

The washed alkylate is fed to a series of three distillation columns where benzene, ethylbenzene, and diethyl benzene-triethyl -benzene mixtures are removed as overhead products. The benzene is recycled to the benzene drying column before feeding again to the alkylator. The diethyl benzene mixture is recycled to the transalkylator. The bottoms from the last column is what we call "flux oil." This consists mainly of diphenylethanes. The amount of this material is good measure of the overall process yield. 

Figure 21.6. PBPK model-based cancer risk assessment for lOppm of dichloromethane or 0.5 ppm of benzene alone or in mixture with lOppm each of toluene, m-xylene, and ethylbenzene (Mixture A) 5 ppm of toluene, 20 ppm of m-xylene and 40 ppm of ethylbenzene (Mixture B). Based on data from Haddad et al. (2001a).

For the development of the separation section we will examine the composition and the thermodynamic behaviour of the outgoing reaction mixture. This contains benzene, ethylbenzene and poly ethylbenzenes. The separation sequencing is simple because the mixture is zeotropic and the difference in the normal boiling points of components is large. A first distillation column takes off benzene for recycle, a second one separates... 

Abstract Infrared spectroscopic methodsfor the measurement of adsorption and adsorption kinetics of some aromatics (benzene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene), pyridine, and paraffins in solid microporous materials such as zeolites (MOR, ZSM-5, silicalite-1) are described as well as the evaluation of the spectroscopically obtained data. The adsorption isotherms are of the Langmuir-Freundlich type. Isosteric heats of adsorption, transport diffusivities, and activation energies of diffusion as deduced from the spectroscopic measurements are compared with literature data as far as available, and they are found to be in reasonable agreement with results provided by independent techniques. Special attention is paid to sorption and sorption kinetics of binary mixtures, especially the problems of co- and counter-diffusion. ... 

The IR technique also enables us to determine the adsorption and desorption of binary mixtures, provided the IR spectra of the two components were sufficiently different so that the spectra of the mixtures could be reliably decomposed. This was, e.g., the case for the pairs benzene/ethylbenzene, benzene/p-xylene, and ethylbenzene/p-xylene (compare, e.g.. Figs. 3 and 16). 

Toluene can be reached with methanol over a type X zeolite containing cesium and boron to produce a styrene and ethylbenzene mixture that can be further processed to specification styrene monomer. However, we do not anticipate this process developing in the near future because at present styrene monomer capacity based on the traditional feedstocks of ethylene and benzene at current lower feedstock costs. 

Adjust the valve to RESET (forward flow) and inject 1.0 pL of a blend containing approximately 5 % each of benzene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and 2-hexanone in /sooctane. This mixture is used to set the valve timing, therefore, the exact concentration need not be known. Alternatively, the calibration mixture can be used for this test. Determine retention time in seconds at which benzene and ethylbenzene start to elute as measured by Detector B. Subtract 6 s from each of these and call these times to BACKFLUSH, Tl and T2, respectively. The correct time for Tl and T2 is just prior to the elution of benzene and ethylbenzene from the TCEP precolumn. 

Quantitative analysis. Spectroscopic analysis is widely used in the analysis of vitamin preparations, mixtures of hydrocarbons (e.y., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) and other systems exhibiting characteristic electronic spectra. The extinction coefficient at 326 mp, after suitable treatment to remove other materials absorbing in this region, provides the best method for the estimation of the vitamin A content of fish oils. 

Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Sulfolane is used principally as a solvent for extraction of benzene, toluene, and xylene from mixtures containing aHphatic hydrocarbons (33—37). The sulfolane process was introduced in 1959 by SheU Development Company, and that process is Hcensed by Universal OH Products. A sulfolane extraction process is also Hcensed by the Atlantic Richfield Company. In 1994, worldwide consumption was estimated at ca 6974 t/yr of sulfolane for 137 sulfolane extraction units (see Bix processes Extraction, liquid-liquid Xylenes and ethylbenzene). 

Plants have now been installed by some manufacturers to produce ethylbenzene via catalytic reforming processes. The reforming process is one which converts aliphatic hydrocarbons into a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons. This may be subsequently fractionated to give benzene, toluene and a xylene fraction from which ethylbenzene may be obtained. 

Gasoline contains more than 250 components of a mixture of C4-C12 hydrocarbons, which varies in concentration from batch to batch. Some of these components are isobutane, n-butane. isopentane, n-pentane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, 3-methylpentane, n-hexane, 2,4-dimethylpentane, benzene, 2-methylhexane, 3-meth-ylhexane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 2,3,4-trimethylpentane, 2,5-dimethylhexane, 2,4-dimethylhexane, toluene, 2,3-dimethylhexane. ethylbenzene, methylethylbenzenes, m-, p-, and o-xylene, trimeth- ylbenzenes, naphthalene, methylnaphthalenes, and dimethylnaph-thalenes... 

Chlorine-enhancement may offer a partial solution. The addition of the chlorinated olefin TCE, PCE, or TCP to air/contaminant mixtures has recently been demonstrated to increase quantum yields substantially [1, 2, 6]. We recently have extended this achievement [3], to demonstrate TCE-driven high quantmn efficiency conversions at a reference feed concentration of 50 mg contaminant/m air not only for toluene but also for other aromatics such as ethylbenzene and m-xylene, as well as the volatile oxygenates 2-butanone, acetaldehyde, butsraldehyde, 1-butanol, methyl acrylate, methyl-ter-butyl-ether (MTBE), 1,4 dioxane, and an alkane, hexane. Not 1 prospective contaminants respond positively to TCE addition a conventional, mutual competitive inhibition was observed for acetone, methanol, methylene chloride, chloroform, and 1,1,1 trichloroethane, and the benzene rate was altogether unaffected. 

R. A. Deeb, H. Y. Hu, J. R. Hanson, K. M. Scow, and L. Alvarez-Cohen. Substrate interactions in BTEX [benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene] and MTBE [methyl tert-butyl ether] mixtures by an MTBE-degrading isolate. Environ Sci Technol, 35(2) 312-317, 2001. 

Ethylbenzene, Thallium triacetate Ucmura, S. et al., Bull. Chem. Soc., Japan., 1971, 44, 2571 Application of a published method of thallation to ethylbenzene caused a violent explosion. A reaction mixture of thallium triacetate, acetic acid, perchloric acid and ethylbenzene was stirred at 65°C for 5 h, then filtered from thallous salts. Vacuum evaporation of the filtrate at 60°C gave a pasty residue which exploded. This preparation of ethylphenylthallic acetate perchlorate monohydrate had been done twice previously and uneventfully, as had been analogous preparations involving thallation of benzene, toluene, three isomeric xylenes and anisole in a total of 150 runs, where excessive evaporation had been avoided. 

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