Benzene data

Figure 6.8 Effect of chain transfer to solvent according to Eq. (6.89) for polystyrene at 100°C. Solvents used were ethyl benzene ( ), isopropylbenzene (o), toluene (- ), and benzene (°). [Data from R. A. Gregg and F. R. Mayo, Discuss. Faraday Soc. 2 328 (1947).]...

Malian- " and co-workers correlated liquid thermal conductivity data for benzene between JlfC and I26 C, OgiwaraIM iuid co-workers present smoothed data from 20 C to 7OX. Data for benzene arc spotty hut urc available from 0°C to 250 C.-H,-m 3I J, fcthyl benzene data arc available at SOX and HO C. 5 and for various temperatures between - 80 and I40 C.n Data for propylbcnzcnc71 and cumene- TVi,t arc available from ITC to 140 0. The method of Robbins and Kmgrea was used to extend the data to 200 C. 

In the benzene data (49) in Fig. 16, the 606 cm-1 ring deformation mode has a two-part rise. The first part mirrors the 10 ps decay of the C-H stretch. The second part mirrors the 40 ps decay of intermediate energy vibrations such as the ring breathing mode at 992 cm-1. The decay lifetime is difficult to determine accurately because it is so slow, but is estimated at 100 ( 20) ps. 

An evaluation of occupational chemical exposure, histological subtype, and cytogenetics was conducted on case studies of newly diagnosed AML or CML, or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) treated in the Main Hospital of Torino, Northern Italy, between October 1, 1989 and December 31, 1990 (Ciccone et al. 1993). There was a nonstatistically significant increased relative risk for exposure to benzene. Data show 3 AML, 2 CML, and 4 MDS cases with regard to benzene exposures. No excess of clonal chromosome abnormalities was detected among occupationally exposed AML patients. 

No studies were located regarding excretion in humans after oral exposure to benzene. Data on excretion of benzene or its metabolites in human breast milk after oral exposure were not found. 

Note A comparison of benzene emission sources and benzene exposure sources (home sources include paints and potroleum products personal activities include driving and use of consumer products that contain benzene. Data taken from Wallace et al. 1991. 

The polarizabilities of benzene and hexane are very similar, but because of its electronic structure benzene exhibits significant specificity in its interaction with ionic or polar surfaces (e.g. hydroxylated silica and barium sulphate). Considerable attention has been given to the specificity associated with hydroxylated silica, but some specific adsorbent-adsorbate interactions are enhanced to an even greater extent by the exposure at the surface of ionic sites. This is illustrated by the benzene data on BaS04 in Table 1.4 and the nitrogen data on rutile in Table 1.5. 

An analysis similar to that used for the benzene data was applied to the toluene data to investigate pore blocking as a function of concentration. Figure 10 illustrates this relationship for all six membranes. The data for membranes 5 and 6 can be approximated by a straight line therefore, ni was set to 1.0 in Equation 1. 

Calculation of pure component vapor pressure of benzene Data from Perry s... 

Using the benzene data, we obtain (<5P - <5 )2 = 10.8 cal/mol or <5j, = <5I + 3.3 = 12.5 or 5.9. Note that we can not choose between these two values solely on the basis of the data here. Activity coefficient data on perfluoro-n-heptane in other fluids would be needed to fix <5p. The value 5.9 is, however, quite close to the value of 6.0 given in Table 7.6-1. 

A sensitivity analysis has been made of the calculated results to the. values of the equation constants using benzene data. The most sensitive constant is (u°/k). A variation of 1% from its optimal value increases the error of calculated vapor pressures by 6%, and of calculated liquid... 

Fig. 23. A plot of A versus a for 10 symmetrically p-disubstituted derivatives of benzene. Data labeled by X stand for X-ray structure determination [83],...

Parts per million relative to benzene. Data obtained relative to internal TMS and converted using 5c = 128.5 for benzene. Solute concentration ca 10% in CDCI3. 

Table 58. Observed and Calculated (in parentheses) Isomer Distribution in Electrophilic Substitution of Monosubstituted Benzenes (Data used for determining the parameters A, B and D are given by italics)...

The C4-naphthalene and C4-benzene data presented in this paper were collected as part of a larger study addressing the influence of pressure, temperature and time on hydrocarbon generation (Hill et al, 1994, 1996, 2(X)3). The goal of the study was to evaluate whether maturity parameters defined during oil pyrolysis could be extended to natural systems. Thus, the Devonian sourced oil from the WSCB was used to define C4-naphthalene and C4-benzene maturity parameters in the oil pyrolysis experiments and Mississippian oils from the Fort Worth Basin were used to evaluate C4-naphthalene and C4-benzene maturity parameters in natural systems. It was not the goal of this study to determine whether results from pyrolysis of a Devonian oil will compare exactly with oils from a Mississippian source. Due to facies differences between Devonian and Mississippian marine shales, the initial distribution of C4-naphthalene and C4-benzene isomers is different as discussed earlier. For this reason, we would also not expect maturity ratios from pyrolysis of a Devonian oil to exactly match maturity ratios from Mississippian Barnett Shale oils. However, if the maturity trends observed from oil pyrolysis results are valid, the C4-naphthalene and C4-benzene ratios should correlate with a well established thermal maturity parameter such as TAS in Mississippian Barnett Shale oils. 

Fig. 8.32 IDR-GHSQC-TOCSY spectrum of a 500 ug sample of brevetoxin-2 (8) in 30 pL of de-benzene. Data were acquired at 600 MHz using a Varian INOVA spectrometer equipped with a Nalorac SMIDG-600-1.7 submicro gra-...

Nguyen et al. [91] developed a new model to describe adsorption on porous media. In the cited reference they extended the model to the case of cylindrical mesopores and employed it with nitrogen and benzene data on MCM-41 samples. Their starting point is the definition of what they called pore-enhanced pressure. Adsorption forces within a pore could be up to 4 times the force experienced by the adsorbate on the open surface. According to Nguyen et al. [91] interpretation of this effect implies that adsorptive molecules are attracted to the interior of the pore and compressed in a liquid like state. They proposed the following expression to calculate the pore-enhanced pressure, Pp(r) ... 

If criteria A and B hold, should be a universal function of 03. Figure 2-20 displays a test of this prediction with the polystyrene data shown in Figures 2-17 and 2-19. The plotted points are not fitted by a single line but are split into two groups, one consisting of the benzene data and the other of the cyclohexane and methyl ethyl ketone data. This result can be associated with the breakdown of criterion B (i), because, as shown above, polystyrene in these three solvents obeys criterion A (i). Since the two split lines lie quite close, they may not be discerned unless measurements are made with high accuracy, and the conclusion in support of criterion B (i) may be erroneously drawn. 

Figure 6 HOMO coefficients for monosubstituted benzenes. Data for toluene and anilinium ion are for the conformation in which a C—H or N—H bond is orthogonal to the ring. Data for aniline refer to planar N. Data for orthogonal and planar nitrobenzene refer to the level below the HOMO. The HOMOs in both cases are mainly localized on the two oxygen atoms.

Figure 8.11 Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy on polystyrene cross-linked with 2% divinyl benzene. Data taken with a Rheovibron at 110 Hz. Note that the tan S peak occurs at a slightly higher temperature than the E" peak (31). Experiment run by J. J. Fay, Lehigh University.

Enthalpy of dilution of poly(propylene glycol) in benzene Data extract from Landolt-Bornstein VIII/6D2 Polymers, Polymer Solutions, Physical Properties and their Relations I (Thermodynamic Properties PVT-data and miscellaneous properties of polymer solutions) ... 

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