Shales marine

Comparison of various upper crustal REE patterns is provided in Figure 5. All estimates, whether from shales, marine sediments, or surface... 

Table 2 Average compositions of the Earth s upper continental crust, shale, marine sediments (all in units of ppm, noted otherwise), along with seawater and hydrothermal vent solution from the East Pacific Rise (both in...

Shallow marine/ coastal (clastic) Sand bars, tidal channels. Generally coarsening upwards. High subsidence rate results in stacked reservoirs. Reservoir distribution dependent on wave and tide action. Prolific producers as a result of clean and continuous sand bodies. Shale layers may cause vertical barriers to fluid flow. 

Resources for Potash Fertilizers. Potassium is the seventh most abundant element in the earth s cmst. The raw materials from which postash fertilizer is derived are principally bedded marine evaporite deposits, but other sources include surface and subsurface brines. Both underground and solution mining are used to recover evaporite deposits, and fractional crystallization (qv) is used for the brines. The potassium salts of marine evaporite deposits occur in beds in intervals of haUte [14762-51-7] NaCl, which also contains bedded anhydrite [7778-18-9], CaSO, and clay or shale. The K O content of such deposits varies widely (see Potassium compounds). 

U3Og). The concentration during the period 400-300 M years occurs in marine black shales, while that in the 300 M years to recent period is accounted for by sedimentary-type deposits, an important example being the Colorado Plateau deposits of USA. 

The uppermost bedrock in northwest Alberta consists of a Cretaceous succession of nearly horizontal and poorly-indurated marine shales of the Fort St. John Group (Loon River and Shaftesbury formations) and Smoky Group, separated by deltaic to marine sandstones of the Dunvegan Formation (Okulitch 2006). A large structural feature, the Great Slave Lake Shear Zone (GSLSZ) cuts across the study area (Eaton Hope 2003). 

Hagiwara (2000) completed a reconnaissance survey of Se isotope variation in marine sediments and sedimentary rocks (Table 4). The most important observation was a lack of strong enrichment in lighter isotopes in most shale samples and three Black Sea sediments. It appears that near-surface alteration has altered Se isotope ratios in some cases. All of the Phosphoria formation samples were probably altered by deep groundwater or hydrothermal... 

Initial efforts to apply the Mo isotope system have targeted sediments deposited rmder oxic conditions (marine ferromanganese crusts) as well as sediments deposited under redueing conditions (black shales). Results of these studies are summarized below. 

Table 18.1 Average Compositions of the Earth s Upper Continental Crust, Shale, Iron-Manganese Oxides, Phosphorite, and Various Types of Marine Sediments (All in Units of ppm. Unless Noted otherwise), along with Seawater and a Hydrothermal Vent Solution from the East Pacific Rise (both in Units of 10 g L ). 

Cowan MJ, Jenkins LJ Jr. 1981. Navy toxicity study of shale and petroleum JP-5 aviation fuel and diesel fuel marine. In Griest WH, Guerin MR, Coffin DL, eds. Health effects investigation of oil shale development. Ann Arbor, MI Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., 129-139. 

Oil shales are found on most continents (Fig. 1) in rocks of Cambrian to Neogene age (Russell 1990 Urov Sumberg 1999). Depending on their original depositional environment, Hutton (1987) divided oil shales into three basic groups (1) terrestrial, (2) lacustrine, and (3) subtidal or marine. 

---