Benz anthracene detection

Figure 3 depicts profiles of Total PAH fluxes vs. time (36). The following polycyclic hydrocarbons have been determined by high performance liquid chromatography, variable wavelength absorption detection Naphthalene, acenaphthylene, 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene, 2-methylnaphtalene, fluorene, acenaphtene, phenanthrene, 2,3-dimethylnaphtalene, anthracene, fluoranthene, 1-methylphenanthrene, pyrene, 2,3-benzofluorene, triphenylene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, perylene, benzo(e)pyrene, 1,2,3,4-dibenzanthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, and 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene. 

The sample sizes collected by our PMj 5 sampling systems are insufficient to conduct detailed chemical analyses. However, available data for size-fractionated fine particulate matter indicates that PAH quinones, including 1,4-naphthoquinone, 5,12-naphthacenequinone, benz[a]anthracene-7,12-dione, and anthracene-9,10-dione, are important organic components (41, 42). The detection of these molecular species that are similar in structure to semiquinone-type radicals supports the assignment of our EPR signals. 

FIGURE1.15 Separation of the 16 EPA priority pollutants PAHs with ODS column using an acetonitrile water 70 30 (v/v) solution as mobile phase. Thiourea was used as standard. Detection performed at 254 nm and 30°C. PAHs 1, naphthalene 2, acenaphtylene 3, fluorene 4, acenaphthene 5, phenanthrene 6, anthracene 7, fluoranthene 8, pyrene 9, chrysene 10, benz(a)anthracene 11, benzo(fc)fluoranthene 12, benzo(l )fluoranthene 13, benzo(a)pyrene 14, dibenz(a,/i)anthracene 15, indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene and 16, benzo(g,/j,/)perylene). (Reprinted from Nunez, O. et al., J. Chromatogr. A, 1175, 7, 2007. Copyright 2007, with permission from Elsevier.)... 

Sharoni, Y., Giron, E., Rise, M., and Levy, J. 1997. Effects of lycopene-enriched tomato oleoresin on 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors. Cancer Detect. Prev. 21, 118-123. 

Fig. 2.20. Composition (mean%) of 16 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to total PAHs detected in various environmental media in (a) air (n = 24), (b) soil (n = 226), (c) freshwater (n = 46), and (d) marine sediment (n = 159), from the South Korea. Naphthalene NAP, Acenaphthylene ACY, Acenaphthene ACE, Fluorine FLU, Phenanthrene PHE, Anthracene ANT, Fluoranthene FLT, Pyrene PYR, Benz[a]ant-hracene BaA, Chrysene CHR, Benzo[6]fluoranthene BbF, Benzo[ ]fluoranthene BkF, Benzo[a]pyrene BaP, Indeno[l,2,3,c,d]pyrene I123cdP, Dibenz[a,/z]anthracene DahA, Ben-zo[g,/y ]perylene BghiP.

Das and Thomas [200] used fluorescence detection in high performance liquid chromatography to determine nine PAHs in occupational health samples including process waters. The nine compounds studied were benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(k)fhioranthene, benzo(a)pyrene/fhioranthene, chrysene, benzo(k)fluorene, perylene, benzo(e)pyrene, deibenz(ah)-anthracene and benz(ghi)perylene. 

Fig. 10.6. Separation of PAHs with the poly(TBAAm-co-AMPS)-coated column. Conditions column, 600 mm x 25 pm i.d. (450 mm effective length) mobile phase, 30% acetonitrile (v/v) in 50 mA/Tris-HCi buffer field strength, 400 V/cm injection, 12 kV for 5 s at the side of the anode detection wavelength, 254 nm. Peak identification 1, naphthalene 2, fluorene 3, phenanthrene 4, pyrene 5, benz[a]anthracene. Reproduced with permission from Sawada and Jinno [11].

Figure 17 ChEC separation of 13 PAHs (1) naphthalene, (2) acenaphthylene, (3) acenaphthene, (4) fluorene, (5) phenanthrene, (6) anthracene, (7) fluoranthene, (8) pyrene, (9) benz[a]anthracene, (10) chrysene, (11) benz[6]fluoranthene, (12) benzo[/r]fluoranthene, (13) benzo[a]pyrene Length to detection 7 cm. Max voltage 2 kV. Running buffer was 80/20 (%, v/v) acetonitrileaqueous (20 mmol/L Tris pH 8.5) Injection 2 kV, 5 min. (Reprinted from Ref. 81, with permission.)...

A number of K-region arene oxides have been detected as intermediates in the metabolism of the corresponding PAHs in liver systems for example, phenanthrene, benz[a]anthracene, pyrene, benzo [a]pyrene, and dibenz(a,h)anthracene. These K-region arene-oxide metabolites were generally only detected by trapping the radiolabeled intermediate. The arene-oxide metabolite 102 obtained from a-naphthoflavone was found to be sufficiently stable with respect to isomerization and resistant to attack by epoxide hydrolase so that it could be isolated and identified spectroscopically. ... 

Like benzo[r ]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene may cross the gastrointestinal lining, pulmonary endothelium, or percutaneous barriers. Benz[a]anthracene is biotransformed to five dihydrodiols and a number of phenolic metabolites by P450 mixed-function oxidases. Detectable levels of benz[a]anthracene can be observed in most internal organs from minutes to hours after administration. Regardless of route of administration, once metabolized, hepatobiliary excretion and elimination through feces is the major route. 

PAHs have been detected in surface waters of the United States. In an assessment of STORET data covering the period 1980-82, Staples et al. (1985) reported median concentrations in ambient water of >10 ug/L for 15 PAHs (acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene). The number of samples ranged from 630 (naphthalene) to 926 (fluoranthene) the percentage of samples in which these PAHs were detected ranged from 1.0 (benzo[g,h,i]perylene) to 5.0 (phenanthrene) and 7.0 (naphthalene). 

During April and May 1990, Hall et al. (1993) analyzed 48-hour composite samples from three locations in the Potomac River and three locations in the upper Chesapeake Bay for eight PAHs perylene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, and chrysene. Pyrene was the only PAH found (0.42 pig/L) in these samples it was detected in only one of nine Chesapeake Bay samples and not detected in any of the Potomac River samples (detection limit, 0.04 pg/L). 

PAHs have also been detected in used motor oils. The following concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene and benz[a]anthracene measured in 1,071 samples of used motor oils were reported by Franklin Associates (1984) ... 

Potential exposure to PAHs in road sealing work involving coal tar and bitumen was discussed by Darby et al. (1986). In a study to evaluate inhalation and dermal exposures of 10 roofers removing an old coal tar pitch roof and applying a new asphalt roof, the PAH content of forehead skin wipes taken at the end of the workshift (0.097 pg/cm equivalent to an estimated daily skin exposure of 19.4 pg/day) was found to correlate with the PAH concentrations in personal air samples (10.2 pg/m ) (Wolff et al. 1989c). Relative concentrations of PAHs in air and wipe samples were fluoranthene > pyrene > benz[a]anthracene > benzo[a]pyrene > benzo[b]fluoranthene > benzo[g,h,i]perylene > benzo[k]fluoranthene. Anthracene was found in the air samples but was not detected in the wipe samples. 

HPLC has been one ofthe most widely used analytical methods for determining PAHs in complex environmental samples. The development of a chemically nonpolar stationary phase for HPLC has provided a unique selectivity for separation of PAH isomers that are often difficult to separate by GC columns. For example, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene, and triphenylene are baseline resolved with a C-18 reverse phase column packing. A detection limit of subpicogram to picogram levels of PAHs per sample has been achieved by HPLC with fluorescence detector (For and Staley 1976 Furuta and Otsuki 1983 Futoma et al. 1981 Golden and Sawicki 1978 Lawrence and Weber 1984 Marcomini et al. 1987 Miguel and De Andrade 1989 Nielsen 1979 Risner 1988 Tomkins et al. 

Benz[a]anthracene and benzo[x]fluoranthene (x= b,k] were detected at elevated concentrations, 280 - 19920 ng/g and 417 - 36116 ng/g, respectively (Fig. 5B and 5A). The concentration profile of benzo[x]fluoranthene (x = b,k) is very similar to the one of benzo[a]pyrene. In contrast, the concentration profile of benz[a]anthracene exhibited a broad maximum between 120 cm and 60 cm depth rather than two distinct but narrow maxima. 

With respect to further PACs analysed in the sediment core (see Tab. 1), concentration profiles very similar to the one of benz[a]anthracene were detected for most of the substances. This group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) include acenaphthylene, anthracene, chrysene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, fluorene and pyrene. Only for perylene the distribution within the sediment core resembled the ones of benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[x]fluoranthene (x = b,k). 

Fig. 5 A-C Depth- and time-correlated concentration profiles of detected PACs benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[x]fluoranthene (with x=b,k), dibenzothiophene and benzo[b]naphtho[2,l-d]thiophene determined in dated sediments of a Lippe river wetland (Germany).

St -> Sn Spectra.—A description has been given of a method for recording ultrafast absorption spectra using a passively mode-locked ruby laser with a ruby amplifier, a pulsed flashlamp probe source, and streak-camera detection for ps time resolution. Results for the dye 3,3 -diethylthiatricarbocyanine in methanol were reported.2870 These results can be compared with those obtained by an alternative method 29711 which permits nm spectral resolution and ps time resolution over the entire visible region, and which was first used on the Sx -> Sn absorption of 3,3 -diethyloxadicarbocyanine iodide, and which has recently been used to record the Si - Sn absorption spectra of bis-(4-dimethylaminodithio-benzil) nickel(n), and of SnIV, Pd11, and Cu" porphyrins.298 The use of time-resolved Si - Sn, Ti - Tn absorption and emission spectroscopy to assist in the selection of laser dyes has been illustrated with respect to anthracene and its derivatives.299 Si - Sn Spectra of coronene, 1 2-benzanthracene, l 12-benz-perylene, 1,2,3,4-dibenzanthracene, and benzo[6]chrysene in poly(methyl methacrylate) and toluene have been reported, the method of detection being modulation spectrophotometry, for which it is claimed that species of lifetime down to... 

Figure 5.15. Reversed-phase gradient elution separation of a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using time programmed fluorescence detection. Compounds 1 = naphthalene 2 = acenaphthene 3 = fluorene 4 = phenanthrene 5 = anthracene 6 = fluoranthene 7 = pyrene 8 = benz(a)anthracene 9 = chrysene 10 = benzo(b)fluoranthene 11 = benzo(k)fluoranthene 12 = benz(a)pyrene 13 = dibenz(a,h)anthracene 14 = benzo(g,h,i)perylene 15 = indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene and 16 = coronene.

For example, polyclonal antibody 29.(12) obtained from animals immunized with BPDE-I-DNA, recognizes DNA modified by chrysene-1,2-diol-3,4-epoxide more efficiently (50 inhibition at 18 fmol) than it recognizes BPDE-I-DNA (50 inhibition at 30 fmol). This antibody also binds to DNA modified by benz(a)anthracene-8,9-diol-10,11-epoxide (50 Inhibition at 42 fmol) and 3,4-diol-l,2-epoxide (50 inhibition at 114 fmol). These results indicate that multiple adducts may be detected by the ELISA. Since humans are exposed to BP in complex mixtures containing a number of other PAHs, a nuBd>er of different adducts may be present. The Identity of the adducts cannot be determined and thus absolute quantitation of abducts is not possible. However, since a number of PAHs in addition to BP are... 

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