Streak camera detection

Other near-IR techniques that have been used to measure lifetimes, though not to the same extent as the aforementioned methods, include fluorescence up-conversion,(19 21) parametric amplification, 22 streak camera detection,(23) and two-photon excitation,1(24) The latter technique is particularly useful as it enables the greater penetration depth of near-IR radiation in organic matter to be used to obtain a well-defined region of excitation, e.g., in single cells or mammalian tissue. 

Figure 1. Diagram of apparatus for picosecond fluorescence studies using streak camera detection. A laser oscillator B dye cell C output reflector D polarizer E spark gap F KDP pockels cell G polarizer (crossed with D) H clear glass beamsplitter J laser amplifier K pin photodiode L transient digitizer M,N 1054 nm reflectors P 2nd harmonic generator Q 3rd or 4th harmonic generator R spectrograph S streak camera T biplanar photodiode U image...

Other techniques have been used for getting sub-nanosecond time resolution. These include the fast conductivity experiments of the electron in non-polar media. Streak camera detection has been used for the measurement of fluorescence from scintillators in hydrocarbon solutions. These experiments probe the role of the transfer of energy from solvent excited states to scintillators in comparison with the role of ion-recombination to form the scintillator excited states. ... 

Zewail acknowledged early on that he was inspired to work in the dynamics area by amongst others, George Porter s development of fast reaction techniques, viz. Flash Photolysis which is reported elsewhere in this volume. In the early experiments outlined in the present paper, three detection techniques were employed time-correlated single photon counting, with 30-50 ps time resolution streak camera detection of fluorescence, with 10 ps resolution, and multiphoton ionisation with resolution determined by the pulse width of the laser, 1 or 15 ps. 

In order to examine more closely the processes which determine , time-resolved fluorescence measurements on dyes adsorbed on semiconductor and glass surfaces were carried out in our laboratory. The first set of experiments used a low repetition rate, mode-locked Nd glass laser and streak camera detection (17). For rhodamine B adsorbed from 4 x 10 M aqueous solutions, we obtained Tj = 55 ps on Sn-doped In203 and = 46 ps on glass. Because these experiments were carried out at high, we concluded that the short on both surfaces was determined mostly by efficient energy transfer quenching. The low sensitivity of the experimental system did not permit experiments at low e. 

St -> Sn Spectra.—A description has been given of a method for recording ultrafast absorption spectra using a passively mode-locked ruby laser with a ruby amplifier, a pulsed flashlamp probe source, and streak-camera detection for ps time resolution. Results for the dye 3,3 -diethylthiatricarbocyanine in methanol were reported.2870 These results can be compared with those obtained by an alternative method 29711 which permits nm spectral resolution and ps time resolution over the entire visible region, and which was first used on the Sx -> Sn absorption of 3,3 -diethyloxadicarbocyanine iodide, and which has recently been used to record the Si - Sn absorption spectra of bis-(4-dimethylaminodithio-benzil) nickel(n), and of SnIV, Pd11, and Cu" porphyrins.298 The use of time-resolved Si - Sn, Ti - Tn absorption and emission spectroscopy to assist in the selection of laser dyes has been illustrated with respect to anthracene and its derivatives.299 Si - Sn Spectra of coronene, 1 2-benzanthracene, l 12-benz-perylene, 1,2,3,4-dibenzanthracene, and benzo[6]chrysene in poly(methyl methacrylate) and toluene have been reported, the method of detection being modulation spectrophotometry, for which it is claimed that species of lifetime down to... 

Limit of photon-counting streak camera detection... 

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