White beans

Arle, Leonard, and Harris80 reported the use of activated carbon to protect sensitive field crops against injury from a weed killer— 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). In one of several experiments, a field was sprayed with 2,4-D—1.3 pounds free acid equivalent per acre. One-half of the plot was planted with sweet-potato sprouts that had been previously moistened and then dusted with activated carbon the other half of the plot was planted with untreated sprouts. In the case of the untreated sprouts, only 2.5% survived whereas 95.0 % of the sprouts treated with activated carbon survived and produced plants that were normal in every respect. Weaver81 found that the toxic effect of 2,4-D on soybean, red kidney bean, white mustard, or marigold were eliminated or decreased by dusting or spraying activated carbon in aqueous suspension on the plants before the 2,4-D treatment. 

Pulses - beans -common bean Common bean (white), whole, raw 0.01 0.09 14.03 [147]... 

Common bean [white], dehulled, raw 42-53 Femlic acid, p-coumaiic acid... 

Peas, beans White mould, stem rot Sclerotinia spp. 

Animal fat 1.5 kg/ton. Castor 3 kg/ton. Rape seed 1 kg/ton, Sunflower seed 1 kg/ton. Soya beans (nramal crush) 0.8 kg/ton. Soya beans (white flakes) 1.2 kg/ton, Other seeds and other vegetable matter 3 kg/ton )... 

In 1991, vanilla beans were the highest valued spice import, with shipments totaling 69.0 million, followed by black and white pepper at 60.6 million, capsicum peppers and paprika at 42.6 million, sesame seed at 40.6 million, and cassia and cinnamon at 27.8 million. The most expensive spices, on a unit value basis, include saffron, 1116/kg average New York spot vanilla beans, 80.50/kg for Bourbon beans from Madagascar, Comoros, and Reunion, and 22.05/kg for Java beans and cardamom, 38.54/kg for grade AA bleached Indian and 3.88/kg for Guatemalan mixed greens. 

Vanillin, CgHgOj, is one of the most important synthetic perfumes. It is the active odorous ingredient of the vanilla pod, in which it occurs to the extent of about 2 per cent., appearing on the surface of the bean as a fine white crystalline efflorescence. It occurs naturally also in Sumatra benzoin (about 1 per cent.), Siam benzoin (15 per cent.), and the balsams of Tolu and Peru (traces). Numerous other bodies have been recorded as containing it, such as asafoetida, beetroot and asparagus, the seeds of Lupinus albus, the seeds of Sosa canina, etc. 

Birds eat sufficient food to satisfy their energy intake, but this does not mean that they will eat enough protein, unless the protein proportion in the rotation is high. Protein quality is also important, the two most essential amino acids being lysine and methionine. The best quality protein for all poultry is white fishmeal (banned only for ruminants by the Soil Association). The best vegetable protein is soya bean which is low in methionine, but this can be made up by using sunflower meal in the ration. 

The mature fruit consists of a pod usually 6 tolO in. long containing 20 to 40 seeds or beans covered by a white, mucilaginous pulp. The beans are dicotyledonous, oval-shaped, and about 1 to 1 1/2 in. long with colors varying from white to shades of purple. 

Coniothyrium minitans Contans White mold, leafdrop Cole crops, beans, tomatoes, carrots, lettuce Fungicide... 

Delayed-action cytotoxins that inhibits protein synthesis (ribosomal inactivating protein). They are obtained from the seed of the Jequirity beans plant (Abrus precatorius). Typically yellowish-white powders that are insoluble in distilled water but soluble in salt water. They are fairly heat stable. 

Delayed-action cytotoxin that inhibits protein synthesis (ribosomal inactivating protein) that is obtained from castor beans (Ricinus communis). Waste from production of castor oil contains about 5% ricin by weight. It is a white powder that is soluble in water and relatively heat stable. Aqueous solutions are resistant to chlorine at 10 ppm. It is persistent in the environment. 

White, D.H., J.R. Bean, and J.R. Longcore. 1977. Nationwide residues of mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, and selenium in starlings, 1973. Pestic. Monitor. Jour. 11 35-39. 

Acrolein has been detected in effluent water streams from industrial and municipal sources. Municipal effluents from Dayton, Ohio, for example, contained between 20 and 200 pg acrolein/L in 6 of 11 analyzed samples (USEPA 1980 Beauchamp et al. 1985). Acrolein is also a component of many foods, and processing may increase the acrolein content (USEPA 1980). Acrolein has been identified in raw turkey, potatoes, onions, coffee grounds, raw cocoa beans, alcoholic beverages, hops (USEPA 1980), white bread, sugarcane molasses, souring salted pork, and cooked bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) (Beauchamp et al. 1985). 

Rodino AP, Santalla M, De Ron AM, Drevon JJ (2005) Variability in nitrogen symbiotic fixation of white landraces of common bean from the Iberian Peninsula. Symbiosis 40(2) 69-78... 

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