Basic Science Applications

The modulation of transcription nicely demonstrates how results of basic science can be translated into medical application. These few examples of drugs in successful use stimulate at the same time the intensive study of gaps in our understanding of transcriptional control, hoping to find new specific ways of interference. 

Fundamental knowledge about regulation of the HS response holds great promise for clinical applications. The HS paradigm is an excellent example of how basic science questions can eventually merge with clinical questions, leading to novel approaches in managing human disease. 

Scientific work should not be supported simply for the technological contributions which can be envisioned, but rather as exploration which has the possibility of making completely unexpected contributions. We don t know what applied fields might be developed from a given research project. Here again, if you consider microwave spectroscopy of molecules, why would that have produced intense light That was quite unpredictable, and that s not atypical for basic science. If you explore new ideas, you get new thoughts and new results, and out of those come applications. 

Quong, D., O Neill, I. K., Poncelet, D., and Neufeld, R. J., Immobilized Cells Basics and Applications, in Gastro-Intestinal Protection of Cellular Component DNA within an Artificial Cell System for Environmental Carcinogen Biomonitoring (R. G. Wijffels, R. M. Buitelaar, H. S. Wessels, C. Bucke, and J. Tramper Eds.), p. 814. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam (1996). 

Of course, in reality new chemical substances are not synthesized at random with no purpose in mind—the numbers that have still not been created are too staggering for a random approach. By one estimate,1 as many as 10200 molecules could exist that have the general size and chemical character of typical medicines. Instead, chemists create new substances with the aim that their properties will be scientifically important or useful for practical purposes. As part of basic science, chemists have created new substances to test theories. For example, the molecule benzene has the special property of aromaticity, which in this context refers to special stability related to the electronic structure of a molecule. Significant effort has gone into creating new nonbenzenoid aromatic compounds to test the generality of theories about aromaticity. These experiments helped stimulate the application of quantum mechanical theory to the prediction of molecular energies. 

Young, L.S., Searle, P.F., Onion, D., and Mautner, V. 2006. Viral gene therapy strategies from basic science to clinical application. Journal of Pathology 208(2), 299-318. 

In courses offered by clinical pharmacy faculty, students are taught the diagnostic criteria for the application of basic science principles. Because... 

In order for the intended audience of students to become informed customers or, better still, trainee practitioners, we present in the final part some of the basic science necessary to appreciate the principles and practice underlying modern analytical chemistry. We hope that this basic science is presented in such a way that it might be useful for students of other applied chemistry disciplines, such as environmental chemistry or forensic chemistry, and even that students of chemistry might find some interest in the applications of archaeological chemistry. 

T. Ikeda, Two Prodrugs Activated by Serum Esterases Including Albumin , in Serum Albumin and rAcid Glycoprotein From Basic Sciences to Clinical Applications , Eds. M. Otagiri, Y. Sugiyama, B. Testa, J. P. Tillement, University of Kumamoto, 2001, p. 173-180. 

The series Microtechnology and MEMS comprises text books, monographs, and state-of-the-art reports in the very active field of microsystems and microtechnology. Written by leading physicists and engineers, the books describe the basic science, device design, and applications. They will appeal to researchers, engineers, and advanced students. 

All these applications have already led to an important empirical control of these materials, from their formation to their destruction. Besides this empirical background which is considerably widespread among the various specific applications, the basic science of emulsions is certainly progressing and we aim within this book to give an overview of the most recent advances. 

Saragovi, H. et al. (1992). Loops and secondary structure mimetics development and applications in basic science and rational drug discovery. Bio j Technology 10, 1131-111. 

Subsequently, basic scientific research made great contributions to our nation s economic strength and its security. Some wonderful examples are described in a series of publications called Beyond Discovery The Path from Research to Human Benefit produced by the National Academies. Each brochnre chronicles some discovery in basic science and how it has had applications beyond what anybody could have imagined. Often as a side benefit, many new products emerged from federal government support (for example, communications satellites) and a series of new discoveries was made. 

Immordino ML, Dosio F et al (2006) Stealth liposomes Review of the basic science, rationale, and clinical applications, existing and potential. Int J Nanomedicine 1(3) 297-315... 

There already exist a few books written on field ion microscopy. Most of these either were published before 1970 when most works were concerned with techniques and methods, or are later ones which emphasize applications to materials science. While some of the basic principles of field ion microscopy remain unchanged from those twenty years ago, when Muller and I wrote a book on the subject, there have been many important new theoretical and technical developments and applications, and also many more detailed studies of a variety of problems in surface science and materials science. In the book just referred to, the subject of atom-probe field ion microscopy was only barely touched. This is of course where most of the new developments are made, and is also the instrument now most actively employed by investigators in the field. In the present volume I try to emphasize basic principles of atom-probe field ion microscopy, field ion emission and applications to surface science. As books emphasizing applications to materials science already exist, only selected topics in this area are presented here. They are used to illustrate the various capabilities of atom-probe field ion microscopy in materials science applications. 

Volume III, Pharmacology and Therapy, addresses developments in basic science, translational and clinical research that are underway to bring stem cell research to therapy, particularly for the treatment of Batten s diseases, graft-versus-host disease and adenosine deaminase deficiency. This volume covers the importance of stem cell research for the understanding of drug activities and design. It also addresses the ethical issues and constraints involved in stem cell research, and its commercial applications. 

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