Barium binary compounds

In 1817 Dobereiner found that if certain elements were combined with oxygen in binary compounds, a numerical relationship could be discerned among the equivalent weights of these compounds. Thus when oxides of calcium, strontium, and barium were considered, the equivalent weight of strontium oxide was approximately the mean of those of calcium oxide and barium oxide. The three elements in question, strontium, calcium, and barium were said to form a triad. 

A substance is considered soluble if more than three grams of the substance dissolves in 100 ml of water. The more common rules are listed below. 1. All common salts of the group 1A elements and ammonium ions are soluble. 2. All common acetates and nitrates are soluble. 3. All binary compounds of group 7A elements (other than F) with metals are soluble except those of silver, mercury(l), and lead. 4. All sulfates are soluble except those of barium, strontium, lead, calcium, silver, and mercury(l). 5. Except for those in Rule 1, carbonates, hydroxides, oxides, sulfides, and phosphates are insoluble. ... 

Barium and nitrogen form two binary compounds containing 90.745% and 93.634% barium, respectively. Determine the empirical formulas of these two compounds. 

Magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium do not react with tungsten, and no binary compounds are known. The solubility of tungsten in the respective molten metal is very low. 

When barium metal is heated in chlorine gas, a binary compound forms that consists of 65.95% Ba and 34.05% Cl by mass. Calculate the empirical formula of the compound. 

Two U.S. patents issued to the Barium Steel Corporation in 1957 claim the formation of the heptacarbonyls M(CO)7 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) as intermediates for the purification of these metals (9,10). In this described refining process, the finely divided metal is treated with CO at 300-400°C and 4-8 atm. The resulting liquid heptacarbonyl compound is then thermally dissociated to the pure metal and CO. The alleged existence of these binary carbonyls seems highly unlikely without supporting evidence. 

While a binary oxide can be used as a starting material, some of these are reactive compounds that are difficult to handle. For example, BaO reacts rapidly with C02 in the air to produce barium carbonate. Other oxides, including BaO, are hygroscopic. Thus, compounds which are unreactive towards C02 and HzO at room temperature, but decompose to oxides plus volatile gases at elevated temperatures, are often used as oxide precursors. In the case of barium, BaCOs is a stable compound under ambient conditions but decomposes upon heating to 950°C according to the reaction... 

It has been shown that the f.p. curves of binary mixtures of the alkali chlorides show the probable formation of compounds, LiCl.RbCl, LiCl.CsCl, and LiC1.2CsCl. The curves of binary mixtures of lithium chloride with magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium chloride show no signs of the formation of definite compounds,... 

Ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions (Section 2.8) are named in the same way as binary ionic compounds First the cation is identified and then the anion. For example, Ba(N03)2 is called barium nitrate because Ba2+ is the cation and the N03 polyatomic anion has the name nitrate. Unfortunately, there is no systematic way of naming the polyatomic ions themselves, so it s necessary to memorize the names, formulas, and charges of the most common ones listed in Table 2.3. The ammonium ion (NH4+) is the only cation on the list all the others are anions. 

Heat stabilizers protect PVC during processing and applications under heat exposition (Pospisil, 1990c). Typical heat stabilizers consist of barium, calcium or zinc soaps of fatty acids (43, R=Cu-C17, M=Ba, Ca, Zn binary salts Ba/Zn or Ca/Zn are mostly used) and various organotin compounds, e.g. dibutyltin maleate (44) or dioctyltin bis(iso-octylthioglycolate) (45) (PospiSil, 1990c). 

The production of metal fullerides succeeds as well with alkaline earth metals and rare earth elements. Among others, there are mixed alkali/alkaline earth fullerides with a composition of M3, eBaxQo (0.2 < x < 2 M = K, Rb, Cs). Likewise may pure alkaline earth fullerides be obtained, for example, CasCGo that becomes a supraconductor below 8.4 K. Barium and strontium give binary fullerides too, but with stoichiometric factors of 3, 4, and 6. Ytterbium and samarium may intercalate in the C,so-crystal as well, yielding supraconductive compounds with a composition of M2.75C1S0. 

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