LiCl-KCl-CsCl

A eutectic mixture of LiCl-KCl-CsCl containing NiCl2 (0.1 mol%) was used as an electrolyte. The cathode was a W rod. The anode was a Ni disk (

particle size distribution was estimated from a TEM image, which showed the relative frequency based on the number of each size class. The relative frequency is defined by Equation 2.3.1 ... 

Individual alkali chlorides (LiCl, KCl, CsCl) 750-1000 Coulometry Mo"+, Mo + 166... 

Decrease of initial rate with addition of salts, such as LiCl, NaCl, KCl, CsCl, etc. Increase of initial rate with addition of salts, such as LiCl, NaCl, KCl, CsCl, etc. Change of the order of the reaction with respect to the monomer from 3 to 2 with addition of excess salt... 

Dissolution of ZnCl2 in fused LiCl-KCl or CsCl-KCl yields the tetrahedral [ZnCl4]2 ion (vt = 267, 275 cm-1, respectively),956 and dissolution of Znl2 in molten Ini yields the [Znl4]2-... 

Sample containing 4.3% Fe and 0.2% Zn. No impurities were detected in the other two samples. < Also O.IM LiCl, KCl and CsCl. 

Titration, 0.001-1 M chlorides, pH 3.5-10, LiCl, KCl, KNO3, CsCl pH- and ionic strength-dependent affinity series, but the differences are rather insignificant [2613]. 

C) and molten CsCl-KCl-NaCl and KCl-LiCl eutectic mixtures at 800 °C. The solubility parameters obtained are collected in Table 3.7.20, where the oxoacidic properties of the chloride melts reduce when moving from the top to the bottom. From the data cited here, it follows that the solubility products of MgO increase with the substitution of the low-acidic constituent cation by that possessing enhanced acidic properties. The same can be said for the increase in the concentration of the constituent acidic cation in the melt there is an increase in the MgO solubility in the sequence, KCl-CsCl-KCl-NaCl(CsCl)-NaCl, where the concentration of Na+ and hence the melt acidity, increases. 

V.L. Cherginets and T.P. Rebrova, Solubility of Magnesium Oxide in Eutectic Melts of KCl-LiCl and CsCl-KCl-NaCl Systems, Zh. Neorg. Khim. 49 (2004) 1571-1574. 

Molality LiCl NaCl KCl CsCl LiBr NaBr KBr CsBr Nal KI Csl LiNOa NaNOa KNOa... 

NaCl CsCl LiCl NaCl KCl CsCl NaBr... 

NaF, KF, KHF2, CsF LiCl, NaCl, KCl, CsCl LiBr, NaBr, KBr Alkali iodides, Lil,... 

The same principle works for many other cases. Since the key lies in the electron configuration, the periodic table can be used to extend the prediction even further. Because of similar electron structures, the elements in a family generally form compounds with the same atomic ratios. In general, if we know the atomic ratio of a particular compound—say, NaCl—we can predict the atomic ratios and formulas of the other alkali metal chlorides. These formulas are LiCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, and FrCl (see Table 11.4). 

The phenol ionization in EtOH is further promoted by addition of neutral alkaline earth metal salts MgCl2, CaC/2, S rC/2, and Ba(SCN)2. In varying the [ligand]/[M " ] ratio ([ligand] + [Mg ] = 1 mM), the total phenolate concentration reaches a maximum at [ligand]/[M ] = 1 with all the metals. Monovalent alkali metal salts (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, CsCl), on the other hand, do not dispel the phenolic protons of 1 and 2. With crown homologues 3, 4 basic conditions are needed to displace the phenol protons for and The phenol-pendant N4 homologues 5a, 5b do not interact with alkaline earth metal salts in EtOH solution. 

Williams, A.N., S.Phongikaroon, andM.R Simpson. 2011. Separation of CsCl from a ternary CsCl-LiCl-KCl Salt via a Zone Freezing Method. Transactions of the American Nuclear Society 105. 

SOLID AND LIQUID NbClj-MCl-M Cl-MIXTURES For the investigation of NbCls in alkali halide melts low melting eutectic mixtures have been selected due to the corrosivity of NbCls at temperatures above 600 °C. Mixtures of interest are CsCl/NaCl (Tgut=490 °C) and LiCl/KCl (Teut = 375 °C). In these two systems studies of the electrochemical reduction mechanism of Ta(V) and Nb(V) have recently been performed in our group [5,20]. The phase diagrams of these ternary systems are not reported in literature, only the binary mixtures have been measured up to now [21,22,23]. Fig.3 shows the phase diagram of the pseudo binary system NbCls-CsCl/NaCl (eut) up to a concentration of x =0.45 as measured with... 

Most of the experiments were carried out using the eutectic mixture LiCl(59 mole %)-KCl(41 mole %). In order to examine the influence of the alkali cations of the solvent two other electrolytes were used the equimolar mixture NaCl-KCl and the eutectic mixture LiCl(59.5 mole %)-CsCl(40.5 mole %). The experiment were carried out over the temperature range 675-995 K in the LiCl-KCl and LiCl-CsCl mixtures and over the range 950-1095 K for the NaCl-KCl mixtures. For experimental details see (8, 9]. In the present paper the potentials are given vs the reference system Cl2/Cl [10]. 

The same trends were obtained for the NaCl-KCl and LiCl-CsCl baths. However, it seems that the oxidation Ti " occurs at a more negative potential in NaCl-KCl (Fig. 2) and LiCl-CsCI than in LiCl-KCl at the same temperature. In NaCl-KCl the disappearance of the oxidation peak for the reaction Ti /Ti occurs at high temperature, above 1095 K. In most experiments a change in the scan rate i/ did not change the peak potential, indicating that the reaction is reversible. As predicted by the theory, the peak height is proportional to However, a decrease in i/ produced a... 

In the present work we conducted spectroscopic studies of anodic dissolution of metallic niobium, dissolution of niobium pentachloride and chlorination of various niobium oxides (NbO, Nb02, Nb205) by HCl in LiCl-KCl and NaCl-CsCl eutectics and NaCl-KCl equimolar melts at 450-750 °C. In a separate series of experiments the speciation of niobium was studied using spectroelectrochemistry and exchange reactions between niobium metal and bismuth, silver or nickel ions in NaCl-KCl-based melts. Oxidimetric titration [9] was employed to determine an average oxidation state of niobium in melt samples rapidly quenched under inert conditions. 

The dissolution of niobium pentachloride in molten alkali chlorides was studied in NaCl-KCl-, NaCl-CsCl-and LiCl-KCl-based melts and the progress of the dissolution was followed by in situ spectroscopy measurements. In most instances the spectra contained only the low energy edge of the charge transfer band. The oxidation state of niobium in quenched melt samples of the obtained electrolytes was close to 5.0 (Table 4.4.1). This result is in a good agreement with the literature data [2-6] and indicates that NbClg" species constituted the main product of this reaction. 

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