Bacterial prostatitis, treatment

Treatment of acute and chronic prostatitis - 160 mg TMP/800 mg SMZ twice daily has been used for chronic bacterial prostatitis for up to 12 weeks. 

It is not surprising that fatty acids inhibit COX and LOX enzymes due to their structural similarities with arachidonic acid. A supercritical fluid extract from the fruits of Sabal serrulata (also called Serenoa repens Small. Arecaceae) has been utilized for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and non-bacterial prostatitis. The extract was demonstrated as a dual inhibitor of COX and 5-LOX pathways with IC50 at 28.1 pg/ml and 18.0 (ig/ml, respectively. A further evaluation of the supercritical carbon dioxide extract showed the acidic lipophilic fraction, most likely fatty acids, had the same dual inhibitory activities as the parent extract [121]. 

The antibacterial spectrum of trimethoprim is similar to that of sulfamethoxazole (see p. 290) however, trimethoprim is 20 to 50 times more potent than the sulfonamide. Trimethoprim may be used alone in acute urinary tract infections and in the treatment of bacterial prostatitis (though fluoroquinolones are preferred). 

Naber KG European Lomefloxacin Prostatitis Study Group. Lomefloxacin versus ciprofloxacin in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2002 20(l) 18-27. 

The remaining 20% of recurrent UTIs are relapses, i.e., persistence of infection with the same organism after therapy for an isolated UTI. The recurrence of symptomatic or asymptomatic bac-teriuria after therapy usually indicates that the patient has renal involvement, a structural abnormality of the urinary tract, or chronic bacterial prostatitis. In the absence of structural abnormalities, relapse often is related to renal infection and requires a long duration of treatment. Women who relapse after short-course therapy should receive a 2-week course of therapy. In patients who relapse after 2 weeks of therapy, therapy should be continued for another 2 to 4 weeks. If relapse occurs after 6 weeks of therapy, urologic evaluation should be performed, and any obstructive lesion should be corrected. If this is not possible, therapy for 6 months or longer may be considered. Asymptomatic adults who have no evidence of urinary obstruction should not receive long-term therapy. 

Pfau A, Perlberg S, Shapiro A. The pH of prostatic fluid in health and disease Implications of treatment in chronic bacterial prostatitis. J Urol 1978 119 384-387. 

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that interferes with microbial DNA synthesis. It is indicated in the treatment of infections of the lower respiratory tract, skin and skin structure, bones and joints, urinary tract gonorrhea, chancroid, and infectious diarrhea caused by susceptible strains of specific organisms typhoid fever uncomplicated cervical and urethral gonorrhea women with acute uncomplicated cystitis acute sinusitis nosocomial pneumonia chronic bacterial prostatitis complicated intra-abdominal infections reduction of incidence or progression of inhalational anthrax following exposure to aerosolized Bacillus anthracis. Cipro IV Used for empirical therapy for febrile neutropenic patients. 

Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone/ophthalmic/antibiotic that interferes with microbial DNA synthesis. It is indicated in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, nosocomial pneumonia, community-acquired pneumonia, skin and skin structure infections, chronic bacterial prostatitis, urinary tract infection (UTI), inhalational anthrax (postexposure), and acute pyelonephritis caused by susceptible strains of specific microorganisms. Ophthalmic use is for the treatment of conjunctivitis caused by susceptible strains of aerobic Gram-positive and aerobic Gram-negative microorganisms. 

Treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections with trimethoprim—sulfamethoxazole often is highly effective for sensitive bacteria, usually for a minimum of 3 days. The combination is especially useful in chronic and recurrent infections of the urinary tract. Trimethoprim also is found in therapeutic concentrations in prostatic secretions, and trimethoprim—sulfamethoxazole is often effective for bacterial prostatitis. 

Nonbacteriai prostatitis is the most common type of prostatitis. It occurs more frequently than bacterial prostatitis, with the same signs and symptoms as bacterial prostatitis except that prostatic fluid cultures are negative for presence of bacteria. Inflammation is evident on prostate gland examination. Treatment includes minocycline, doxycycline, or erythromycin. Treatment duration is approximately 2 to 4 weeks. 

Zhang ZC, Jin FS, Liu DM, Shen ZJ, Sun YH, Guo YL. Safety and efficacy of levofloxacin versus ciprofloxacin for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis in Chinese patients. Asian J Androl 2012 14(6) 870-4. 

Two patients aged 38 and 54 years with hemodialysis-dependent end-stage renal insufficiency developed severe bacterial infections, osteomyelitis, and prostatitis, within 3 months of interferon alfa-2b treatment for hepatitis C virus infection (381). 

Many recent publications have provided proof of the suitability of the ProteinChip System in the discovery and validation of new biomarkers for a wide range of diseases. This is true for ovarian [47], prostatic [48], pancreatic [49] and head and neck [50] cancer, as well as for a large number of other tumorous diseases [7]. Similarly, successful studies have been reported for Alzheimer s disease [51], viral [52], bacterial [53], and parasitic [54] infections. The same applies to investigations about possible new markers to monitor the effect of drug treatment [55-57], and also to predict transplant rejections [58, 59]. The ProteinChip System is currently used by more... 

Carbenicillin is an extended-spectrum penicillin, that inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in bacterial cell wall. It is indicated in the treatment of acute and chronic infections of the upper and lower urinary tract, prostatitis, and asymptomatic bacteriuria caused by susceptible microorganisms. 

Ofloxacin interferes with microbial DNA synthesis. It is indicated in the treatment of acnte bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, commnnity acquired pneumonia, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, acute uncomplicated urethral and cervical gonorrhea, nongonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, acute pelvic inflammatory disease, uncomplicated cystitis, complicated urinary tract infections (UTI), and prostatitis cdiV eAhy Escherichia coli. Ophthalmic use for treatment of conjunctivitis and corneal ulcer infections caused by susceptible organisms otic use for treatment of otitis externa, chronic suppurative otitis media in patients with perforated tympanic membranes, and acute otitis media in pediatric patients with tympanostomy tubes. 

The tetracyclines block the attachment of aminoacyl tRNA to the acceptor site on the bacterial ribosome. They are broad-spectrum drugs with good activity against chlamydial and mycoplasmal species, as well as against other indicated bacteria. Doxycycline is of particular use in the treatment of prostatitis, minocycline is useful for treating meningococcal carrier states, and demeclocycline is useful for treating the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH (SIADH). Their biodisposition and side effects are discussed. 

Fluoroquinolones are used to treat bacterial infections. These drugs are prescribed for the treatment of bone and joint, skin, ear, urinary tract infections, inflammation of the prostate and serious diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and infections affecting people with AIDS. ... 

Norfloxacin 243 is one of oral broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents used in the treatment of certain infections caused by bacteria, such as gonorrhea, prostate, and urinary tract infections. The mechanism of action of 243 involves inhibition of the A subunit of bacterial DNA gyrase, an enzyme which is essential for DNA replication. ... 

Commercial drug products containing fine-particle active agents for intramuscular, intrasynovial, or intralesional administration are relatively common. These include products for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions (methypred-nisolone acetate), bacterial infections (inipenem), acromegaly (octreotide acetate), endometriosis (leuprolide acetate), prostate cancer (triptorelin pamoate), and schizophrenia (risperidone). In some cases, these products are intended to provide therapeutic blood levels of the active agent for extended periods of time (the depot effect). Fine particles that are injected other than intravenously are not subject to the same particle size constraints as those that are injected directly into the bloodstream. 

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