Bacterial infections bronchitis

Upper respiratory tract infection Sinusitis, bronchitis, or otitis caused by viral or bacterial infections. 

Routine use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute bronchitis is discouraged however, in patients who exhibit persistent fever or respiratory symptomatology for more than 4 to 6 days, the possibility of a concurrent bacterial infection should be suspected. 

Dust particles inhaled in tobacco smoke, together with bronchial mucus, must be removed from the airways by the ciliated epithelium. Ciliary activity, however, is depressed by tobacco smoke mucociliary transport is impaired. This depression favors bacterial infection and contributes to the chronic bronchitis associated with regular smoking. Chronic injury to the bronchial mucosa could be an important causative factor in increasing the risk in smokers of death from bronchial carcinoma. 

Secondary bacterial infection of acute bronchitis - 500 mg/12 hours for 7 days. 

Acute Bacterial exacerbation of chronic Bronchitis, secondary Bacterial infection of acute Bronchitis PO 500 mg ql2h for 10 days. 

Qll Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis can be caused either by viral or bacterial infections. Production of thick, green sputum suggests Chandra has a bacterial infection. Common bacterial pathogens affecting the lung include Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. It is recommended that COPD patients receive influenza vaccine each year pneumoccocal vaccine is also often recommended in chronic lung disease and may prevent recurrence of chest infection in the elderly. 

Q12 Antibiotics are needed by patients with chronic bronchitis as soon as signs of a bacterial infection are present. Chandra has become very breathless at rest, is producing green sputum and has a raised temperature these are all signs that substantial infection is present. Amoxicillin or erythromycin are usually considered suitable first-line antibiotics for these patients. If the infection is thought to be caused by a viral agent, antibiotics would not be used. 

Cefprozil, a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, is indicated in the treatment of pharyngitis or tonsillitis caused by S. pyogenes otitis media caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M.(Branhamella) catarrhalis in secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis and acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. (B.) catarrhalis and in uncomplicated skin and skin-strnctnre infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and S. pyogenes. 

Loracarbef, a synthetic beta lactam antibiotic of the car-bacephem class (200 to 400 mg p.o. q. 12 hours), is used in the treatment of secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis, acute bacterial exacerbations or chronic bronchitis, of pneumonia, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, acute otitis media, uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections, impetigo, uncomplicated cystitis, and in uncomplicated pyelonephritis. 

Tetracyclines are the first broad-spectrum antibiotic that was used to halt the growth of many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is used to treat a variety of infections including acne vulgaris, actinomycosis, anthrax, bronchitis, and other systemic bacterial infections including bacterial urinary tract infections. 

Fluoroquinolones are a broad spectmm, synthetic antibiotic that stop bacterial growth in bone and joint infections, bronchitis, gastroenteritis, gonorrhea, pneu-... 

Fluoroquinolones are used to treat bacterial infections. These drugs are prescribed for the treatment of bone and joint, skin, ear, urinary tract infections, inflammation of the prostate and serious diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and infections affecting people with AIDS. ... 

Ceftin is a second-generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections resulting in Lyme s disease, bronchitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis, skin infections, gonorrhea, and urinary tract infections, and it is considered the antibiotic of choice for otitis media. Ceftin functions by inhibiting bacteria cell wall biosynthesis. 

The sulfonamide class of antibiotics is generally used for the treatment of urinary tract infections, chronic bronchitis and other bacterial infections [16]. The electroanalysis of three sulfa drugs, sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine and sulfamethazine at BDD thin film electrodes was first reported by Rao et al. [I7l. Cyclic voltammetry, flow injection analysis and liquid chromatography with... 

The nature of the conditions of intensive production, however, can increase the risk of diseases and infections which can spread very rapidly and devastate large numbers of animals." Thus it is common practice for producers of poultry to add coccidiostats to their diets and vaccines to their drinking water in order to prevent coccidiosis and other infectious diseases such as bronchitis and Newcastle disease. A similar problem exists for intensively reared fish, where it is necessary to add antibiotics to their diets. A problem with intensively reared fish is that their diet is added directly into the water in which they live thus drugs and other additives in the diet are relatively easily dispersed into the local environment of fish farms, where they can increase bacterial resistance and also cause problems such as algal blooms. 

Chronic bronchitis is a result of several contributing factors, including cigarette smoking exposure to occupational dusts, fumes, and environmental pollution and bacterial (and possibly viral) infection. 

Clarithromycin is better absorbed and irritates the gastrointestinal tract less than erythromycin. It is presumed that its activity exceeds that of erythromycin by 2-4 times with respect to a number of streptococci and staphylococci, and to a few other microorganisms. It is used for treating bacterial bronchitis, pneumonia, skin and sexual infections. It is believed that clarithromycin is the most active macrolide for treating atypical mycobacteria. Synonyms of this drug are biaxin and others. 

Levofloxacin (1), the levo-isomer or the (5)-enantiomer of ofloxacin, received FDA approval in 1996 (Fish, 2003 Hurst et al., 2002 Mascaretti, 2003 Norrby, 1999 North et al., 1998). The initial approval covered community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, acute maxillary sinusitis, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, acute pyelonephritis, and complicated urinary tract infections (North et al., 1998). Four years later, the levofloxacin indication list grew to include community-acquired pneumonia caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. In addition, in 2002, nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pneumonia caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Haemophilus influenzae, Kliebsella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli was added (Hurst et al., 2002). Finally in 2004, LVX was approved as a post-exposure treatment for individuals exposed to Bacillus anthracis, the microbe that causes anthrax, via inhalation (FDA, 2004). 

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