Initial frequency

The model used to estimate initiator frequency provides suggestions for reducing the frequency. Further reduction may be achieved by considerations not in the model. Such could be modifying the process to avoid the use of hazardous materials or conditions. The use of automatic blanketing materials such as foams automatic inerting atmospheres such as CO,. 

The accident sequence frequencies are quantified by linking the system fault tree models together as indicated by the event trees for the accident sequence and quantified with plant-specific data to estimate initiator frequencies and component/human failure rates. The SETS code solves the fault trees for their minimal cutsets the TEMAC code quantitatively evaluates ihe cm sols and provides best estimates of component/event probabilities and frequencies. 

Figure 10. Effect of the initiator frequency factor on the molecular weight distribution of an addition polymer produced in a tubular reactor constant activation energy and at widely different values of initiator-jacket temperature combination (the conversion is optimized Ea = 32.921...

The initiating frequency estimate is derived from the cause of the fire scenario. This may initially be obtained from historical data (or more specific data if available) and modified where necessary to take account of any site-specific considerations that may affect the frequency. See Section 6.2.4.6 for additional... 

This option allows the user to specify the frequency at which the impedance measurements will terminate. The value must fall in the same range stated for Initial Frequency. For the LIA stations, the limit was set to 5 Hz for the scans ranging from 100 kHz to 0.1 Hz, and the frequencies below 5 Hz were collected using the multisine technique. For the FRA stations, 0.1 Hz was entered. For experiments ranging from 10 kHz to 10 Hz, the multisine technique was not required for either FRA or LIA stations, and this parameter was set to 10 Hz. 

The final frequency is automatically determined by setting the initial frequency. The value of the final frequency is Initial Frequency multiplied by 113. 

This option allows the user to specify the frequency at which the impedance measurements will begin. The value entered must be between 5 Hz and 100 kHz (LIA) or between 50 pHz and 100 kHz (FRA). In this lab 100 kHz and 10 kHz were used for initial frequencies. 

Fig. 2.1. Selection of advantageous variants. The individual curves show selection and fixation of mutants in populations of N = 10000 individuals according to the equation x(t) = x0/ xo + (1 — xo)exp(—st). Time t is measured in generations or replication steps, x0 is the initial frequency of the new variant in the population, and s =f -f is its selective advantage. The curves shown above use initial conditions of a single copy in the population, x = 0.0001.

Gould, F., Anderson, A., Jones, A., Sumerford, D., Heckel, D.G., Lopez, J., Micinski, S., Leonard, R., and Laster, M., Initial frequency of alleles for resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in field populations of Heliothis virescens, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 3519,1997. 

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